World Literature on Medicinal Plants from Pankaj Oudhia’s Medicinal Plant Database -58
World Literature
on Medicinal Plants from Pankaj Oudhia’s Medicinal Plant Database -58
World Literature on Medicinal Plants
Quoted/Consulted/Modified/Improved/Discussed/Used/Corrected in Pankaj Oudhia’s
Medicinal Plant Database.
Oudhia, P. (2009). Traditional Agricultural Knowledge in
Indian state Chhattisgarh. 1.
Management of Nephotettix sp. in Rice (Oryza sativa) crop.
1. Mitragyna parviflora
based formulation (With 3 Herbs) . CGBD (Offline Database on
Chhattisgarh
Biodiversity), Raipur, India.
Oudhia, P. (2009). Traditional Agricultural Knowledge in
Indian state Chhattisgarh. 1.
Management of Nephotettix sp. in Rice (Oryza sativa) crop.
2. Mitragyna parviflora
based formulation (With 2 Herbs) . CGBD (Offline Database on
Chhattisgarh
Biodiversity), Raipur, India.
Oudhia, P. (2009). Traditional Agricultural Knowledge in
Indian state Chhattisgarh. 1.
Management of Nephotettix sp. in Rice (Oryza sativa) crop.
3. Mitragyna parviflora
based formulation (With 8 Herbs) . CGBD (Offline Database on
Chhattisgarh
Biodiversity), Raipur, India.
Oudhia, P. (2009). Traditional Agricultural Knowledge in
Indian state Chhattisgarh. 1.
Management of Nephotettix sp. in Rice (Oryza sativa) crop.
4. Mitragyna parviflora
based formulation (With 3+1 Herbs) . CGBD (Offline Database
on Chhattisgarh
Biodiversity), Raipur, India.
Oudhia, P. (2009). Traditional Agricultural Knowledge in
Indian state Chhattisgarh. 1.
Management of Nephotettix sp. in Rice (Oryza sativa) crop.
5. Mitragyna parviflora
based formulation (With 5 Herbs) . CGBD (Offline Database on
Chhattisgarh
Biodiversity), Raipur, India.
Oudhia, P. (2009). Traditional Agricultural Knowledge in
Indian state Chhattisgarh. 1.
Management of Nephotettix sp. in Rice (Oryza sativa) crop.
6. Mitragyna parviflora
based formulation (With 9 Herbs) . CGBD (Offline Database on
Chhattisgarh
Biodiversity), Raipur, India.
BULLOCK, S.H. 1985. Breeding systems in the flora of
a tropical deciduous forest in Mexico. Biotropica 17:287-301. [ Links ]
FRANKEL, R. & GALUN, E. 1977. Pollination
mechanisms, reproduction and plant breeding. Springer-Verlag. Berlin,
Heidelberg & New York. [ Links
]
GENTRY, A.H. 1974. Flowering phenology and diversity
in tropical Bignoniaceae. Biotropica 6:64-68. [ Links ]
GENTRY, A.H. 1995. Diversity and floristic
composition of neotropical dry forests. In Seasonally dry tropical forests
(S.H. Bullock, H.A. Mooney & E. Medina, eds.) Cambridge University Press,
Cambridge, p.146-194. [ Links ]
GIBBS, P.E. & BIANCHI, M.B. 1993.
Post-pollination events in species of Chorisia (Bombacaceae) and Tabebuia
(Bignoniaceae) with late-acting self-incompatibility. Botanica Acta 106:64-71. [ Links ]
GIBBS, P.E. & BIANCHI, M.B. 1999. Does
late-acting self-incompatibility (LSI) show family clustering? Two more species
of Bignoniaceae with LSI: Dolichandra cynanchoides and Tabebuia nodosa. Annals
of Botany 84:449-457. [ Links ]
HESLOP-HARRISON, Y. & SHIVANNA, K.R. 1977. The
receptive surface of the angiosperm stigma. Annals of Botany 41:1233-1258. [ Links ]
JOHANSEN, D.A. 1940. Plant microtechnique.
McGraw-Hill, New York. [ Links ]
KLEKOWSKI, E.J. 1988. Mutation, developmental
selection and plant evaluation. Columbia University Press, New York. [ Links ]
LAWRENCE, M.J. 1975. The genetics of
self-incompatibility in Papaver rhoeas. Proceedings of the Royal Society,
London, series B, 188:275-285. [
Links ]
LEWIS, J.P. 1991. Three levels of floristical
variation in the forests of Chaco, Argentina. Journal of Vegetation Science
2:125-130. [ Links ]
MABBERLY, D.J. 1989. The Plant Book. Cambridge
University Press, Cambridge. [
Links ]
MARTIN, F.W. 1959. Staining and observing pollen
tubes by means of fluorescence. Stain Technology 34:125-128. [ Links ]
MAURITZON, J. 1935. Die embryologie einiger
Capparidaceen sowie von Tovaria pendula. Arkiv för Botanik, Häfte 4, Band 26A,
no. 15:1-14 [ Links ]
NIC LUGHADHA, E. 1998. Preferential outcrossing in
Gomidesia (Myrtaceae) is maintained by a post-zygotic mechanism. In
Reproductive biology in systematics, conservation and economic botany (S.J.
Owens & P.J. Rudall eds.). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, p.363-379. [ Links ]
PRADO, D.E. 1991. A critical evaluation of the
floristic links between Chaco and Caatinga vegetation in South America. PhD.
thesis. University of St Andrews.
[ Links ]
PRADO, D.E. 1993. What is the Gran Chaco vegetation
of South America? I.A review. Contribution to the study of the flora and
vegetation of the Chaco V. Candollea 48:145-172. [ Links ]
RICHARDS, A.J. 1986. Plant breeding systems. Allen
& Unwin, London. [ Links ]
RUIZ, T.Z. & ARROYO, M.T.K. 1978. Plant
reproductive biology of a secondary deciduous forest in Venezuela. Biotropica
10:221-230. [ Links ]
SAGE, T.L., BERTIN, R.J., WILLIAMS, E.G. 1994.
Ovarian and other late-acting self-incompatibility systems. In Genetic control
of self-incompatibility and reproductive development in flowering plants. (E.G.
Williams, A.E. Clarke & R.B. Knox, eds.). Dordrecht, Kluwer Academic,
p.116-140. [ Links ]
SAGE, T.L., STRUMAS, F., COLE, W.W. & BARRETT,
S.C.H. 1999. Differential ovule development following self- and
cross-pollination: the basis of self-sterility in Narcissus triandrus
(Amaryllidaceae). American Journal of Botany 86:855-870. [ Links ]
SASS, J.E. 1955. Botanical microtechnique. Iowa
State University Press. Ames Iowa. [ Links ]
SEARS, E.R. 1937. Self-sterility in plants. Genetics
22:130-181. [ Links ]
SEAVEY, S.R. & BAWA, K.S. 1986. Late-acting
self-incompatibility. Botanical Review 52:196-217. [ Links ]
SEAVEY, S.R, CARTER, S.K. 1994. Self-sterility in
Epilobium obcordatum (Onagraceae). American Journal of Botany 81:331-338. [ Links ]
SEAVEY, S.R, CARTER, S.K. 1996. Ovule fates in
Epilobium obcordatum (Onagraceae). American Journal of Botany 83:316-325. [ Links ]
TALAVERA, S., GIBBS, P.E. & HERRERA, J. 1993.
Reproductive biology of Cistus ladanifer L. (Cistaceae). Plant Systematics and
Evolution 186:123-134. [ Links ]
[1] D.N. Guhabakshi, P. Sensarma, D. C. Pal, A
Lexicon of Medicinal Plant in India, Naya Prokash, Calcutta, 1999, Volume – 2,
364-365.
[2] K.R. Kirtikar, B.D. Basu, Indian Medicinal
Plants, Second Edition, International Publisher, Deheradun, 1993, Volume – I,
200-201.
[3] R. N. Chopra, S. L. Nayer, I. C. Chopra,
Glossary of Indian medicinal plants, CSIR, New Delhi,1992, 50-52
[4] S. G. Joshi, Medicianl plants, Oxford & IBH
Publication, 1997,126-127
[5] Wealth of India: A Dictionary of Indian Raw
Material and Industrial Products, CSIR, New Delhi, 1992, Volume – 3, 213 - 214.
[6] K. Raghunathan K, R. Mitra, Pharmacognosy of
indigenous drugs, Central council for research in Ayurveda and Siddha, New
Delhi, 2003,
Volume – II, 1101-1112.
[7] B. V. Ghule, G. Murugananthan, P.D. Nakhat, P.
G. Yeole, Immunostimulant effect of
Capparis zeylanica Linn. leaves, J. of
Ethnopharmacology,2006,Volume-108, issue-2, 311-315.
[8] H. G. Vogel, Drug Discovery and Evaluation
Pharmacological Assays, 2nd edition, Springer, New York, 2002,716.
[9] R. A. Turner, Screening method in Pharmacology,
Academic Press, New York & London,1965,268.
[10] M. N. Ghosh, Fundamentals of experimental
pharmacology, 2nd edition., Scientific book Agency,Calcutta, 2005,156-157.
[11] S. K. Kulkarni, Hand Book of Experimental
Pharmacology, 3rd revised edition, Vallabh Prakashan, New Delhi, 2006,178-180.
[12] K. Rajnarayana, M. S. Reddy. M. R. Chaluvadi,
Bioflavonoids classification, pharmacological,biochemical effects and
therapeutical
potential,Indian J. of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
2006, 68(3), 380-384.
[1] Hanski
I., Ovaskainen O. (2000). The metapopulation capacity of a fragmented
landscape. Nature. 404:
755-758.
[2]
Ellstrand, N.C., Elam, D.R. (1993). Population genetic consequences of
small population size:
implications for plant conservation. Annual Review
of Ecology and Systematics 24: 217-243
[3] Rohlf,
F.J. (1997). NTSYS-pc v2.1 Numerical Taxonomy and Multivariate Analysis System.
Exter
Software, New York.
[1] Liu YX,
Yang XL, Yao YY, et al. Flora In Desertis Reipublicae
Populorum Sinarum, Beijing: Science publishing
company,
1987, (2): 10.
[2] Sadtler
Research Laboratories Sadtler Standard Carbon-13
NMR Spectra. USA:Sadtler Research Laboratories,1980,
9077c.
[3] Sadtler
Research Laboratories. Sadtler Standard Carbon–13
NMR Spectra. USA: Sadtler Research Laboratories,
1980,
8217k.
[4] Sadtler
Research Laboratories. Sadtler Standard Carbon–13
NMR Spectra. USA: Sadtler Research Laboratories,
1980,
1211c.
[5] Sadtler
Research Laboratories Sadtler Standard Carbon-13
NMR Spectra.USA:Sadtler Research Laboratories, 1978,
5219.
Sadtler
Research Laboratories Sadtler Standard Carbon-13NMR Spectra.USA:Sadtler
Research Laboratories, 1974,
19620.
[6] Zhao YQ,
Yuan CL, Li X, et al. Investigation of chemical
composition of Acanthopanax giraldii Harms (Ⅲ)
China.
Journal Of Chinese Materia Medica, 1991, 16(7): 421.
[7] Bao TN,
Peng SL, Zhou ZZ, et al. Investigation of chemical
composition of Fagopyrum tataricum. Natural Product
R&D,
2003, 15(1): 24-26.
[8] Sadtler
Research Laboratories. Sadtler Standard Carbon-13
NMR Spectra.USA: Sadtler Research Laboratories,
11335.
[9] Yang YM,
Su SY, Li X, et al. Investigation of
active
component of excrementum pteropiactivity. Acta
Pharmaceutica Sinica, 1987, 22(10): 765.
[10] Germano
MP, DePasquale RT, D´Angelo V, et al. Evaluation
of extracts and isolated fraction from Capparis
spinosa L.
buds as an antioxidant source. Journal of
Agricultural and
Food Chemistry, 2002, 50(5): 1168-1171.
Ayanoglu, F. and A. Mert: Farklı soğuklama süresi ve
kimyasal
uygulamaların iki kebere türünde (Capparis spinosa
L., Capparis
ovata Desf.) tohum çıkışı üzerine etkileri. AÜ Ziraat Fakültesi
Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 5(2), 77-80 (1999).
Barbera, G.: Programme de Recherche Agrimed le
Caprier (Capparis
spp.). Comission des Communautes Europeennes, Serie
Agriculture, EUR 13617, Luxenburg, pp 62, (1991).
Kara, Z., F. Ecevit and S. Karakaplan: Toprak koruma
elemanı ve yeni
bir tarımsal ürün olarak kapari (Capparis spp.). Tarım-Çevre
İlişkileri Sempozyumu, Mersin, pp. 919-929 (1996).
Neyisci, T.: A study on the slow burning plant
species suitable for
controlling forest fires. Turk J. Agric. For., 11
(3), 595-604 (1987).
Olmez, Z., Z.Yahyaoglu and A.Ö. Üçler: Effects of
H2SO4, KNO3 and
GA3 treatments on germination of caper (Capparis
ovata Desf.)
seeds. Pakistan Biol. Sci., 7 (6), 879-882 (2004a).
Olmez, Z., A.O. Ucler and Z. Yahyaoglu: Effects
of stratification and
chemical treatments on germination of caper
(Capparis ovata
Desf.) seeds. Agr. Med., 134(2), 101-106 (2004b).
Orphanos, P.I.: Germination of caper seeds. J. Hort.
Sci., 58 (2), 267-
270 (1983).
Pascual, B., A. San Bautista, A. Imbernon, S.
Lopez-Galarza, J.
Alagarda and J.V. Maroto: Seed treatments for
improved
germination of caper (Capparis spinosa). Seed Sci.
Technol., 32,
637-642 (2004).
Perry, D.A.: Topographical Tetrazolium Test. In ISTA
handbook of
vigor test methods, International Seed Testing Association,
Zürich, Switzerland, pp. 57-65 (1987).
Pieper, A.: Das saatgut. V.P. Darey Berlin, Hamburg,
(1952).
Pugnaire, F.I. and E. Esteban: Nutritional
adaptations of caper shrub
(Capparis ovata Desf.) to environmental stress. J. Plant
Nutrition, 14 (2), 151-161 (1991).
Soyler, D. and N. Arslan: The effects of some plant
growing regulators
on the rooting of capers (Capparis spinosa L.). Turk. J. Agric.
For., 24, 595-600 (2000).
Soyler, D. and N. Arslan: Kebere (Capparis ovata)
tohumlarında
çimlenme hızının belirlenmesi üzerine bir araştırma.
1.
Tohumculuk Kongresi, 11-13 Eylül, İzmir, pp. 315-323
(2002).
Sozzi, G. and A. Chiesa : Improvement of caper
(Capparis spinosa L.)
seed germination by breaking seed coat-induced
dormancy.
Scientia Horticulturae, 62 (4), 255-261 (1995).
Tansi, S.: Keberenin (Capparis spp.) önemi ve üretimi. ÇÜ Ziraat
Fakültesi Dergisi, 11 (4), 147-154 (1996).
Tansi, S.: Propagation methods for caper (Capparis
spinosa L.). Agr.
Med., 129, 45-49 (1999)
Arteca R. N. (1996). Seed germination and seedling
growth. In: Arteca R. N. (Ed.). Plant Growth Substances,
Principles and Applications, Chapman and Hall, New
York, 332 pp.
Bailey L. H. (1950). The Standard Cyclopedia of
Horticulture Vol. 1. Bailey L. H. (Ed.). Macmillan Company,
New York, 658 pp.
Baskin C. C., Baskin J. M. (1998). Seeds: Ecology,
biogeography, and evolution of dormancy and germination.
Baskin C. C., Baskin J. M. (Eds.). Academic Press,
San Diego, California, 666 pp.
Bewley J. D., Black M. (1985). Seeds. Physiology of
development and germination. Bewley J. D., Black M.
(Eds.). Plenum Press. New York, 445 pp.
Crunkilton D. D., Garrett H. E., Pallardy S. G.
(1994). Growth and ectomycorrhizal development of northern red
oak seedlings treated with IBA. Hortscience, 29:
771-773.
Davis P. H. (1965). Flora of Turkey and the East
Aegean Islands. Vol. 1. Davis P. H. (Ed.). Edinburgh University
Press, Edinburgh, 496-498 pp.
Depauw M. A., Remphery W. R. (1993). In vitro
germination of three Cypripedium species in relation to time of
seed collection, media and cold treatments. Canadian
Journal of Botany, 71: 879-885.
Fernandez H., Doumas P., Bonnet-Massimbert M.
(1997). Quantification of GA
, GA3
, GA4
, GA7
, GA8
, GA9
,
and GA20
and GA20
metabolism in dormant and non dormant beechnuts.
Journal of Plant Growth Regulation,
22: 29-35.
Fernandez H., Perez C., Revilla M. A., Perez-Garcia
F. (2002). The levels of GA3
and GA20
may be
associated
with dormancy release in Onopordum nervosum seeds.
Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 38: 141-143.
Frydman V. M., Gaskin P., McMillan L. (1974).
Qualitative and quantitative analysis of gibberellin throughout
seed maturation in Pisum sativum cv. Prog. No.).
Planta, 118: 123-132.
Gonzalez-Melero J. A., Perez-Garcia F.,
Martinez-Laborde J. B. (1997). Effect of temperature, scarification and
gibberellic acid on the germination of three shrubby
species of Coronilla L. (Leguminosae). Seed Science
and Technology. 25: 167-175.
Hartmann H. T., Kester D. E., Davies F. T. (1990).
Plant propagation, Principles and Practices. Hartmann H. T.,
Kester D. E., Davies F. T. (Eds.). Prentice Hall,
Englewood Cliffs, 647 pp.
International Seed Testing Association (ISTA)
(1999). Seed Science and Technology. International rules for seed
testing, vol. 27, 333 pp.
Kyauk H., Hopper N. W., Brigham R. D. (1995). Effect
of temperature and pre-soaking on germination, root length
and shoot length sesame (Sesamum indicum L.).
Environmental and Experimental Botany, 35: 345-351.
Macchia M., Casano S. (1993). Propagation of Caper
(Capparis spinosa L.). Sementi Elette 39 (2): 37-42 (In
Italian).
Murthy B. N. S., Saxena P. K. (1998). Somatic
embryogenesis and plant regeneration of neem (Azadirachta indica
A. Juss.). Plant Cell Reports, 17: 469-475.
Ni B. R., Bradford K. J. (1993). Germination and
dormancy of abscisic acid and gibberellin deficient mutant tomato (Lycopersicon
esculentum) seeds. (Sensitivity of Germination to Abscisic Acid, Gibberellin,
and Water
Potential). Plant Physiology, 101: 606-617.
Orphanos P. I. (1983). Germination of caper
(Capparis spinosa L.) seeds. Journal of Horticultural Science, 58:
267-270.
Perez-Garcia F. (1993). Effect of the origin of the
cypsela on germination of Onopordum acanthium L. (Asteraceae). Seed Science and
Technology, 21: 187.
Perez-Garcia F., Duran J. M. (1990). The effect of
gibberellic acid on germination of Onopordum nervosum Boiss.
seeds. Seed Science and Technology, 18: 83-88.
Perez-Garcia F., Iriondo J. M., Martinez-Laborde J.
B. (1995). Germination behavior in seeds of Diplotaxis erucoides and D.
virgata. Weed Research, 35: 495-502.
Pharis R. P. (1985). Gibberellins and reproductive
development in seed plants. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant
Molecular Biology, 36: 517-568.
Pugnaria F. I., Esteban E. (1991). Nutritional
adaptations of caper shrub (Capparis ovata Desf.) to environmental
stress. Journal of Plant Nutrition, Spain, 4:
151-161.
Puls E. E., Lambeth V. N. (1974). Chemical
stimulation of germination rate in aged tomato seeds. Journal of American
Society for Horticultural Science, 99: 9-12.
Pupalla N., Fowler J. I. (2002). Lesquerella seed pretreatment to
improve germination. Industrial Crops and
Products, 17: 61-69.
Qaderi M. M., Cavers P. B. (2000a). Interpopulation
variation in germination responses of Scotch thistle, Onopordium acanthium L.
to various concentrations of GA3
, KNO3
, and NaHCO3
. Canadian Journal of Botany, 78:
1156-1163.
Qaderi M. M., Cavers P. B. (2000b). Variation in
germination response among local populations of Scotch thistle.
Onopordium acanthium L. populations. Seed Science
and Technology, 28: 881-886.
Qaderi M. M., Cavers P. B. (2000c). Variation in
germination response within Scotch thistle, Onopordium acanthium L. populations
matured under green house and field conditions. Eco Science, 7: 57-65.
Russo R. O., Berlyn G. P. (1990). The use of organic
biostimulants to help low input sustainable agriculture.
Journal of Sustainable Agriculture, 1: 19-42.
Shankarraja N. S., Sulikerı G. S. (1993). Presowing
treatments of seeds to improve germination in cardamom
(Elettaria cardamomum L. Maton var. minor Watt).
Journal of Plantation Crops, 21: 116-117.
Sharir A., Gelmond H. (1971). Germination studies of
Lesquerella fendleri and Lesquerella gordonii with reference
to their cultivation. Economic Botany, 25: 55-59.
Snedecor G. W., Cochran W. G. (1967). Statistical
Methods. Snedecor G. W., Cochran W. G. (Eds.). The Lowa
State University Press, Lowa, USA, 593 pp.
Soyler D., Arslan N. (1999). Effect of temperature
and light on seed germination of capers (Capparis spinosa
L.). Anadolu, 9: 63-75. (In Turkish).
Stuart N. W., Cathy H. M. (1971). Applied aspects of
gibberellins. Annual Review of Plant Physiology, 12: 369-
394.
Swaminathaan C., Srinıvasan M. (1996). Seedling
investigation through plant growth substances in teak (Tectona
grandis). Journal of Tropical Forest Science, 8:
310-316.
Thomas T. H. (1989). Gibberellin involvement in
dormancy break and germination of seeds of celery (Apium
graveolens L.). Journal of Plant Growth Regulation.
11: 239-248.
Tucker W. G., Gray D. (1986). The effect of seed
drying and gibberellin treatment on the germination performance of developing
carrot seed. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 4: 363-370.
Watkins J. T., Cantliffe D. J. (1983). Mechanical
resistance of the seed coat and endosperm during germination
of Capscium annum at low temperature. Plant
Physiology, 72: 146-150.
Williams P. M., Bradbeer J. W. (1974). Studies in
seed dormancy. VIII. The identification and determination of
gibberellins. A
and A9
in seeds of
Corylus avellana L. Planta, 117: 101-108.
Zohary M. (1960). The species of Capparis in the
mediterranean and the near eastern countries. Bulletin of the
Research Council of Isreal, 8D: 49-64.
Abdel Mawgood,
A.L., A. Assaeed and
T. Al Abdallatif: Genetic
diversity in an isolated population of Capparis dicidua .
Proceeding of the workshop The role of biotechnology
for the
characterization and conservation of crop, forestry,
animal and
fishery genetic resources. March 5-7, 2005, Torino, Italy. pp.
187-188 (2005).
Alkire, B.: Capers, New Crop Factsheet, Purdeu
University Center for
New Crops and Plant Products. West Lafayette, IN,
47907-1165,
USA, 1-8 (1998).
Baytop, T.: Treatment with Plants in Turkey.
Istanbul Univ. Publ. No. 3255,
Istanbul, Turkey (1984).
Cicek, E. and
Tilki F.: Seed germination of three
Ulmus species from
Turkey as influenced by temperature and light. J. Environ. Biol., 28,
423-425 (2007).
Cirak, C., K. Kevseroglu and A.K. Ayan: Breaking of
seed dormancy in a
Turkish endemic hypericum species: Hypericum aviculariifolium
subsp.
depilatum var. depilatum by light
and some pre-soaking
treatments.
J. Arid Environ., 68, 159-164
(2007).
EPC: Export Promotion Center, Undersecretariat of
The Prime Ministry for
Foreign Trade Publications (2006).
Esen, D., O. Yildiz, M. Sarginci and K. Isik:
Effects of different pretreatments
on germination of
Prunus serotina seed sources. J.
Environ. Biol.,
28, 99-104 (2007).
Inocencio, C., D. Rivera, F. Alcaraz and A.
Francisco: Flavonoid content
of commercial capers (Capparis spinosa, C. sicula
and C. orientalis)
produced in mediterranean countries. Eur. Food Res. Technol., 212
70-74 (2000).
Jacobs, M.: The genus Capparis (Capparaceae) from the Indus to the
Pacific.
Blumea, 12, 385-541 (1965).
Koc, H.: Germination of caper (Capparis spinosa L.)
seeds. Bull. Uni.
Agric. Sci. Veterinary Medicine. Agriculture, 55/56,
292-296 (2001).
Kyauk, H., N.W. Hopper and R.D. Brigham: Effects of
temperature and
presoaking on germination, root length and shoot
length of sesame
(Sesamum indicum L.). Environ. Exp. Bot., 35, 345-351 (1995).
Mabberley, D.J.:
The Plant-Book: A Portable Dictionary of the Vascular
Plants. 2
nd
Edn.
Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1997).
Olmez, Z., A.O. Ucler and Z. Yahyaoglu: Effects of
stratification and chemical
treatments on germination of caper (Capparis ovata
Desf.) Seeds
Agricoltura Mediterranea, 134, 101-106 (2004).
Olmez, Z., A. Gokturk and S. Gulcu: Effects of cold
stratification germination
rate and percentage of capper (Capparis ovata Desf.)
Seeds. J.
Environ. Biol., 27, 667-670 (2006).
Ozcan, M. and A. Akgul: Influence of species,
harvest date and size on
composition of capers (Capparis spp.) flower buds.
Nahrung, 42,
102-105 (1998).
Orphanos, P.I.: Germination of caper (Capparis
spinosa L.) Seeds. J.
Horticultural Sci., 58, 267-270 (1983).
Pascual, B., A. San Bautista, A. Imbernon, S. Lopez
Galarza, J.
Alagarda and J.V. Maroto: Seed treatments for
improvedgermination of caper (Capparis spinosa). Seed Sci. Technol., 32
637-642 (2004).
Pieper, A.: Das saatgut. V.P. Darey Berlin, Hamburg,
Germany (1952).
Soyler, D. and N. Arslan: Effect of heat, light and
dark treatments on seed
germination of capers (Capparis spinosa L.). Anadolu,
9, 63-75
(1999).
Soyler, D., K.M. Khawar: Seed germination of caper
(Capparis ovata var.
Herbacea) using µ naphthalene acetic acid and
gibberellic acid. Int.
J. Agric. Biol., 1, 35-37 (2007).
Sozzi, G. and A. Chiesa: Improvement of caper
(Capparis spinosa L.)
seed germination by breaking seed coat-induced
dormancy. Scientia
Horticulturae, 62 255-261 (1995).
Tansi, S.: Propagation methods for caper (Capparis
spinosa L.) seeds.
Agricoltura Mediterranea, 23 45-49 (1999).
Toncer, O. and S.
Tansi: The caper (Capparis ovata
Desf. var.
palaestina Zoh.) culture in Turkey.
Pak. J. Biological Sci., 3,
568-570 (2000).
Tilki, F. and H. Dirik: Seed germination of three
provenances of Pinus brutia
(Ten.) as influenced by stratification, temperature
and water stress.
J. Environ. Biol.,
28, 133-136 (2007).
[1] Pedro Benjamin etal, Basic properties of palm
oil
biodiesel–diesel blends. Fuel 87 (2008) 2069–
2075.
[2] Knothe G., Dependence of biodiesel fuel
properties on the
structure of fatty acid alkyl esters. Fuel Process
Technology
2005; 86:1059–70.
[3] Altin R, Cetinkaya S, Yu¨cesu HS. The potential
of using
vegetable oil fuels as fuel for diesel engines. Energy
Convers Manage 2001; 42:529–38.
[4] Facciola, S. 1990. Cornucopia, a source book of
edible
plants. (Cornucopia).
[4] Gillett, J. B. 1963. Sesbania in Africa (excluding
Madagascar) and southern Arabia. Kew Bull.
17:112.
[5] Kumar, S & P. V. Sane. 2003. Legumes of
South Asia: a
checklist. (Leg SAsia).
[6] Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali, eds. 1970–. Flora of
[West]
Pakistan. (F Pak).
[7] Nasir, S. M. & M. Athar. 1998. Fuel wood as
an energy
source. Phytologia 85:106.
[8] Pulle, A.
A. et al., eds. 1932–. Flora of Suriname. (F
Suriname).
[9] Third international biofuels Conference Proceedings
2006, New Delhi, pp144.
[10] Sanjappa, M. 1992. Legumes of India. (Leg
India)
[11] Townsend, C. C. & E. Guest. 1966–. Flora of
Iraq. (F
Iraq).
[12] Holm, L. et al. 1979. A geographical atlas of
world weeds.
(Atlas Weed) .
[13]Huang, S. F. & T. C. Huang. 1987. Taxonomic
treatment of
the Papilionoideae (Leguminosae) of Taiwan. Taiwania
32:11-
117. (Leg Taiwan)
1. Subramoniam A, Pushpangadan P, Development of
phytomedicines for liver diseases, Indian J
Pharmacol, 31,1999,166-175.
2. Gadgoli C, Mishra S H, Preliminary screening of
Achillea millefolium, Cichorium intybus and
Capparis spinosa for antihepatotoxic activity, Fitoterapia,
66, 1995, 319-323.
3. Gadgoli C, Mishra S H, Anti hepatotoxic activity
of p-methoxy benzoic acid from Capparis
spinosa. J
Ethnopharmacol, 66, 1999, 187-192.
4. Mathur S, Prakash AO, Mathur R, Protective effect
of Liv-52 against beryllium toxicity in
rats, Curr Sci, 55,1986, 899-901.
5. Ray D, Sharatchandra Kh., Thokchom IS,
Antipyretic, antidiarrhoeal, hypoglycaemic and
hepatoprotective activities of ethyl acetate extract
of Acacia catechu Willd. in albino rats, Indian
J Pharmacol, 36, 2006, 408-413.
6. Kirtikar KR, Basu BD, Indian Medicinal Plants,
Lalit Mohan Basu Prakashan, Allahabad,
1993,197.
7. Mohammad A, Sharma MP, Muhammad I, Wound
healing-Herbal Ethnomedicine Of The
Gwalior Forest Division In Madhya Pradesh, India,
Pharmaceut Biol, 38, 2000, 241 – 253.8. Balachandran P, Govindrajan R,
Cancer-An Ayurvedic perspective, Pharmacol Res, 51, 2005,
19-30.
9. Hebbar SS, Harsha VH, Shripathi V, Hegde GR,
Ethnomedicine of Dharwad district in
Karnataka, India- plants used in oral health care,
J. Ethnopharmacol, 94, 2004,261-266.
10. Chaudhari SR, Chavan MJ, Gaud RS, Phytochemical
and Pharmacological research on the
roots of
Capparis sepiaria, Indian J Pharmaceut Sci, 66, 2004, 454-457.
11. Duggan AW, North RA, Electrophysiology of opiods,
Pharmacol Rev, 35, 1983, 219.
12. Crosland J, Lewis’s Pharmacology, 5
th
Ed, Churchhill Livingstone, New York, 1980, 385.
13. Larsen GL, Henson PM, Ann Rev Immunol, 1, 1983,
235.
14. Aditya Chaudhary N, Ghosh D, Taraxasterol and
other triterpenoids in Capparis sepiaria,
Phytochemistry, 9,1970, 1885.
15.Aditya Chaudhury N, Ghosh D, Studies on
Insecticidal Plants: Chemical Examination of the
leaves of Capparis sepiaria, J. Indian Chem Soc, 47,
1970, 751-754.
16. Saraswathy A, Patra A, Betulin 28-acetate from
Capparis sepiaria L., J Indian Chem Soc, 68,
1991, 633-634. 17. Bergmeyer HU, Scheibe P,
Wahlefeld AW, Optimization of methods for aspartate
aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, Clin
Chem, 24, 1978, 58-73.
18. Bergmeyer HU, IFCC methods for the measurement
of catalytic concentrations of enzymes
Part 3.IFCC method for alanine
aminotransferase(1-alanine:2oxoglutarate aminotransferase),
Clin Chem Acta,105, 1980,147.
19. Rick W, Klinische Chemie und Microskopie,
Springer Verlag, Berlin, Germany, 1990, 294.
20. Perry B, Doumas BT, Buffone G, Glick M, Ou CN,
Ryder K, Measurement of total bilirubin
by use of bilirubin oxidase, Clin Chem, 32,
1986,329-332.
21. Lowery OH, Rosenbrough NJ, Forr AL, Ramdall RJ,
Protein measurement with Folin’s
phenol reagent, J Biol Chem, 193, 1951,265-275.
22. Bhakuni DS, Dhar ML, Dhawan BN, Mehrotra BN,
Screening of Indian Plants for Biological
activity, Part II, Ind J Exp Biol, 7, 1969, 250-262.
23. Al-Quaawi AA, Mousa HM, Hamed Ali BE,
Abdel-Rahman H, El-Mougy SA, Protective
effects of extracts from dates (Phoenix dactylifera
L) on carbon tetrachloride-induced
hepatotoxicity in rats, Int J Appl Res Vet Med, 2,
2004,176-180.24. Vijayan P, Prasanth HC, Dhanaraj SA, Badami S, Suresh B,
Hepatoprotective effect of total
alkaloid fraction of Solanum pseudocapsicum leaves,
Pharmaceut Biol, 41, 2003, 443-448.
[1] D Bown, Encyclopaedia of Herbs. The Royal
Horticulture Society, Dorling Kindersley
Ltd, 2008, Edition 1st, revised, p. 152.
[2] KM Nadkarni, Indian Materia Medica, Bombay
Popular Prakashan, Reprinted, 2009,
Edition 3
rd
, vol. 1, p.
265.
[3] CP Khare, Indian medicinal plants. Springer
India Pvt. Ltd, 2007, p. 117.
[4] AK Gupta, Neeraj Tondon, Madhu Sharma, Quality
Standards of Indian Medicinal
Plants, Medicinal Plants Unit: Published by Indian
Council of Medical Research, New Delhi,
2008, Vol. 3, p. 99-105.
[5] KR Kirtikar, BD Basu, Indian Medicinal Plants,
International Book Distributers,
Dehradun, 2008, Edition 2
nd
, vol. 1, p. 195-199.
[6] Anonymous, The Wealth of India: A Dictionary of
Indian Raw Materials & Industrial
products, Raw materials, National Institute of
Science Communication and Information
Resources, CSIR, 2007, Vol. 3, p. 210-211.
[7] RK Gupta, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, CBS
Publishers and Distributors Pvt. Ltd,
2010, Edition 1
st
, p. 114-115.
[8] RN Chopra, SL Nayar, IC Chopra, Glossary of
Indian Medicinal Plants, National Institute
of Science Communication and Information Resources,
New Delhi, 2006, 7
th
reprint, p. 49-
50.
[9] D Shekhawat, A Batra, Indian journal of
traditional knowledge, 2006, 5, 3, 362-367.
[10] BA Jadeja, NK Odedra, KR Odedra, Indian journal
of traditional knowledge, 2006, 5, 3,
348-352.
[11] M Goyal, SK Sharma, Indian journal of
traditional knowledge, 2009, 8, 4, 581-585.
[12] KL MeenaL, BL Yadav, Indian journal of
traditional knowledge, 2010, 9, 1, 169-172.
[13] GG Patil, PY Mali, VB Bhadane, Natural Product
Radiance, 2008, 7, 4, 354-358.
[14] SN Mishra, PC Tomar, N Lakra, Indian Journal of
Traditional Knowledge, 2007, 6, 1,
230-238.
[15] KN Gaind, TR Juneja, Res Bull Punjab Univ. Sc.,
1970, 21, 67-71.
[16] RK
Upadhyay, L Rohatgi, MK Chaubey, SC Jain, Journal of Agricultural and
Food
Chemistry, 2006, 54, 26, 9747-9751.
[17] MU Dahot, J. Chem. Soc. Pak, 1993, 15, 1,
78-81.
[18] Shoaib Arif, Studies on alkaloids of Capparis
deciduas. A thesis submitted for Ph. D.
From university of Karachi, Pakistan, 1986. p.
1-102.
[19] RP Rastogi, BN Mehrotra, Compendium of Indian
Medicinal plants, Central Drug
Research Institute, Lucknow and National
institute of science communication and
information resources, New Delhi, 2004, Vol. 4, p. 147-148.
[20] RP Rastogi, BN Mehrotra, Compendium of Indian Medicinal
plants, Central Drug
Research Institute, Lucknow and National
institute of science communication and
information resources, New Delhi, 2004, Vol. 1, p. 75.
[21] V Ahmad Uddin, S Arif, AUR Amber, K Fizza,
Liebigs ann. chem, 1987, 2, 161-162.
[22] J Gupta, M Ali, Indian Journal of Heterocyclic
Chemistry, 1997, 6, 4, 295-302.
[23] RP Rastogi, BN Mehrotra, Compendium of Indian
Medicinal plants, Central Drug
Research Institute, Lucknow and National
institute of science communication and
information resources, New Delhi, 2004, Vol. 5, p.
165, 166.
[24] Anonymous, The Wealth of India: A Dictionary of
Indian Raw Materials & Industrial
products, First Supplementary Series (Raw
materials), National Institute of Science
Communication and Information Resources, CSIR, New
Delhi, 2007, Vol. 1 (A-Ci), p. 211-
212
[25] VU Ahmad, N Ismail, Aziz-Ur-Rahman Amber, Phytochemistry, 1989, 28, 9, 2493-
2495.
[26] WFH McLean, G Blunden, K Jewers, Biochemical
Systematic and Ecology, 1996, 24,
427-434.
[27] M Goyal, BP Nagori, D Sasmal, Journal of
Natural Medicines, 2009, 63, 4, 375-379.
[28] P Yadav, S Sarkar, D Bhatnagar, Pharmacological
Research, 1997, 36, 3, 221-228.
[29] JK Grover, S Yadav, V Vats, Journal of Ethno
pharmacology, 2002, 81, 1, 81-100.
[30] B Sharma, R Salunke, C Balomajumder, S Daniel,
P Roy, Journal of Ethno
Pharmacology, 2010, 127, 2, 457-462.
[31] A Purohit, KB Vyas, Pharmaceutical Biology,
2006, 44, 3, 172-177.
[32] R Goyal, R Grewal, Journal Nutrition & Food
Science, 2010, 40, 3.
[33] V Agarwal, BM Chauhan, Plant Foods for Human
Nutrition, 1988, 38, 2, 189-197.
[34] RG Mali, AA Mehta, Natural product radiance,
2008, 7, 1, 466-475.
[35] P Yadav, S Sarkar, D Bhatnagar, Indian Journal
of Experimental Biology, 1997, 35, 4,
389-392.
[36] IMS Eldeen, J Staden Van, South African Journal
of Botany, 2007, 73, 3, 435-440.
[37] SK Bhardwaj, JS Laura, Biosciences
Biotechnology Research Asia, 2008, 5, 1, 283-288.
[38] A Purohit, KB Vyas, Indian Journal of
Experimental Biology, 2005, 43, 10, 863-866.
[39] R Goyal, RB Grewal, Nutrition and Health, 2003, 17, 1, 71-76.
[40] N Chahlia, Journal of Medicinal Plant Research,
2009, 3, 6, 481-484.
[41] SA Ali, TH Al-Amin, AH Mohamed, AA Gameel, Journal of Pharmacology and
Toxicology, 2009, 4, 4, 167-172.
[42] IMS Eldeen, J Staden Van, South African Journal
of Botany, 2008, 74, 2, 225-229.
[43] RK Upadhyay, L Rohatgi, MK Chaubey, SC
Jain, Journal of Agricultural and Food
Chemistry, 2006, 54, 26, 9747-9751.
Akbar, G., T.N. Khan and M. Arshad. 1996. Cholistan
desert, Pakistan. Rangelands, 18: 124-128.
Akbar, G. and M. Arshad. 2000. Developing
sustainable strategies for Cholistan desert:
opportunities and perspectives. Science Vision, 5:
77-85.
Anonymous. 1993. Pakistan–Cholistan Area Development
Project. Report No. 59/53 ADB-PAK
58 (Final version). Food and Agriculture
Organization of the United Nations, Rome.
AOAC 1984. Official Methods of Analysis. 14
th
ed.,
Washington D.C.
Arshad, M. and A.R. Rao. 1995. Phytogeographical
divisions of Cholistan desert. Proceedings of
the sixth all Pakistan geographical conference
(December 26-29, 1993). Department of
Geography, Islamia University, Bahawalpur. pp.
55-61.
Arshad, M. 2003. Cholistan desert ecosystem
monitoring for future management. Annual Technical
Report of a project sponsored by WWF-Pakistan.
(Unpublished)
Arshad, M. and A.R. Rao. 1994. Flora of Cholistan
desert" (Systematic list of trees, shrubs and
herbs). Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany,
18: 615-625.
Arshad, M. and G. Akbar. 2002. Benchmark of plant
communities of Cholistan desert. Pakistan
Journal of Biological Sciences, 5: 1110-1113.
Arshad, M., G. Akbar and S. Rashid. 2003. Wealth of
medicinal plants of Cholistan desert,
Pakistan: Conservational strategies. Hamdarad
Medicus, 105: 25-34
Arshad, M., M. Ashraf and N. Arif. 2005.
Morphological variability of Prosopis cineraria (L.) Druce,
from the Cholistan desert, Pakistan. Genetic
Resources and Crop Evolution, 53: 1589-1596.
Arshad, M., M.Y. Ashraf, M. Ahmad and F. Zaman.
2007. Morpho-genetic variability potential of
Cenchrus
ciliarus L., from Cholistan
desert, Pakistan. Pak. J. Bot., 39: 1481-1488.
Baig, M.S., E.H. Khan, M.R. Zaheer and M. Ahmad. 1975. Reconniassance soil survey of
Cholistan. Directorate of Soil Survey of Pakistan,
Lahore, (Research Report), pp. 163.
Baig, M.S., M. Akram and M.A. Hassan. 1980.
Possibilities for range development in Cholistan
desert as reflected by its physiography and soils.
Pakistan Journal of Forestry, 30: 61-71.
Boer, B. 1996. Plants as soil indicators along the
Saudi coast of the Arabian Gulf. Journal of Arid
Environments, 33: 417-423.
Boer, B. and D. Sargeant. 1998. Desert Perennials as
soil indicators in Eastern Arabia. Plant and
Soil, 199: 261-266.
Chaudhry, S.A. 1992. The Cholistan desert. A TOKTEN
Consultancy Report. Cholistan Institute of
Desert Studies, Islamia University, Bahawalpur. pp.
34.
El-Ghani, M.M.A. and W.M. Amer. 2003.
Soil-vegetation relationships in a coastal desert plain of
southern Sinai, Egypt. Journal of Arid Environments,
55: 607-628.
Hussain, F. 1989. Field and Laboratory Manual of
Plant Ecology. National Academy of Higher
Education, University Grants Commission, Islamabad,
Pakistan.
Jafari, M., M.A.Z. Chahouki, A. Tavili, H.
Azarnivand and G.Z. Amiri. 2004.
Effective
environmental factors in the distribution of
vegetation types in Poshtkouh rangelands of Yazd
Province (Iran). Journal of Arid Environments, 56:
627-641.
Mueller-Dombois, D. and H. Ellenberg. 1974. Aims and
methods of vegetation ecology. Wiley &
Sons, New York. pp. 547.
Noureen, S., M. Arshad, K. Mahmood and M.Y. Ashraf. 2008. Improvement in fertility of
nutritionally poor sandy soil of Cholistan desert,
Pakistan by Calligonum polygonoides Linn.
Pak. J. Bot., 40: 265-274.
Rao, A.R., M. Arshad and M. Shafiq. 1989. Perennial
grass germplasm of Cholistan desert and their
phytosociology. Cholistan Institute of Desert
Studies, Islamia University, Bahawalpur. pp. 84.
Roshier, D.A., B.B. Boer and P.E. Osbome. 1996. Vegetation of Abu Dhabi
and a preliminary
classifications. In: Desert Ecology of Abu Dhabi.
(Ed.): P.E. Osbome. pp 50-65. Pisces
Publications, Newbury. pp. 236.
Faden, R. B. 1998. Commelinaceae. In: Kubitzki, K.
et al. (eds), The Families and
Genera of Vascular Plants IV: Flowering Plants:
Monocotyledons, pp. 109–128.
Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
Hong, D. Y. 1974. Revisio Commelinacearum Sinicarum.
Acta Phytotax. Sinica 12(4): 459–
488.
1. Foidl N, Eder P (1997) Agro-industrial
exploitation of J. curcas. In. Biofuels
and
Industrial Products from Jatropha curcas, Gübitz GM,
Mittelbach M, Trabi M (Eds), DbvVerlag, Graz, Austria
2. Foidl N, Foidl G, Sanchez M, Mittelbach M, Hackel
S (1996) Jatropha curcas L. as a
source for the production of biofuel in Nicaragua;
Bioresource Technol. 58, 77-82
3. Report of the committee on development of
Bio-fuel as formatted by the Planning
Commission of India
4. Vivek and A.K Gupta (2004), “Biodiesel Production
from Karanja Oil”, Journal of
Scientific & Industrial Research Vol. 63, 39-47.
5. Encicar, J.M., Gonzalez, J.F., Rodriguez, J.J. and Tejedor, A. (2001) Biodiesel Fuels
from Vegetable oil; Transesterification of Cynara cardunculus L. Oils with Ethanol,
Energy & Fuels.
Alkire, B; 1998. Capers.
http:\\www.newcrop.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/cropfactsheets/caper.html.
Anonymous. 1997. Kapari T.C. Orman Bakanlığı
Ağaçlandırma ve Erozyon Kontrol Müdürlüğü,
Çeşitli Yayınlar Serisi No:2, Ankara.
Barbera, G. and R. Di Lorenzo. 1984. The caper
culture in Italy. Acta Horticulturae, 144:167-171.
Barbera, G. and R. Di Lorenzo. 1991. Observations on
Capparis populations cultivated in Sicily
and on their Vegetative and productive behavior.
Agr. Med., 121: 32-39.
Kara, Z., F.
Ecevit and S. Karakaplan. 1996. Toprak Koruma Elemanı ve Yeni bir Tarımsal Ürün
Olarak Kapari (Capparis spp.). Tarım İlişkileri
Sempozyumu Bildir Kitabı, 919-921 s.
Luna, F. and M. Perez. 1985. La Taperena
Alcappara Cultivo y Appovechamiento
Publ.de
Ext.Agraria Coro Zon de Maria. 8. 28002 Madrid.
Ölmez, Z. 2001. Capparis ovata Desf (Kapari)‘nin
fidanlık tekniği ve Artvin yöresinde plantasyon
denemeleri. Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi. Doktora
Tezi.
Özgüven, M., S. Sekin, B. Gürbüz, N. Şekeroğlu, F.
Ayanoğlu and S. Erken. 2004. Tütün, Tıbbi ve
Aromatik Bitkiler Üretimi ve Ticareti. Türkiye
Ziraat Mühendisliği Teknik Kongresi. 3-7
Ocak 2005.TMMOB Ziraat Mühendisleri Odası.s:
492-494.
Pugnaire, F.I. and E. Esteban. 1991. Nutritional
adaptations of caper shrub (C. ovata Desf.) to
environmental stress. Journal of Plant Nutrition,
14(2): 151-161, Abstr. Vol 63(2):
Rhizopoulou, S. and G.K. Psaras. 2003. Development
and structure of drought-tolerant leaves of
the mediterranean shrub Capparis spinosa L. Annals
of Botany, 92: 377-383.
Riviera, D., C. Inocencioa, C. Obon and F. Alcaraz.
2003. Review of Food and Medicinal Uses of
Capparis L. Subgenus Capparis (Capparidaceae).
Economic Botany, 57(4): 2003 s: 515-534.
Trewartha, J. and S. Trewartha. 2005. Producing Capers in Australia. Viability study. RIRDC
Publication No: 05/132.
Ladron de Guevara, J. and Moya Pueyo, V. 1995.
Toxicología Médica.
Clínica y Laboral. Interamericana, McGraw-Hill,
Madrid.
2
Patra, R. C. and Swarup, D. 2000. Effect of lead on
erythrocytic
antioxidant defence, lipid peroxide level and thiol
groups in calves.
Res. Vet. Sci. 68:71-74.
3
De Marco, M., Halpern, R. and Barros, H. M. T. 2005.
Early behavioral
effects of lead perinatal exposure in rat pups.
Toxicology 211:49–58.
4
Olaleye, S., Adaramoye, O., Erigbali, P. and Adeniyi, O. 2007. Lead
exposure increases oxidative stress in the gastric
mucosa of HCl/ethanol-
exposed rats. World J. Gastroenterol. 13(38):5121-5126.
5
Eddouks, M., Maghrani, M., Lemhadri, A., Ouahidi,
M.-L. and Jouad,
H. 2002. Ethnopharmacological survey of medicinal
plants used for
the treatment of diabetes mellitus, hypertension and
cardiac diseases
in the south-east region of Morocco (Tafilalet).
Journal of
Ethnopharmacology 82:97–103.
6
Singh, G., Kapoor, I. P., Pandey, S. K., Singh, U.
K. and Singh, R. K.
2002. Studies on essential oils: Part 10.
Antibacterial activity of volatile
oils of some spices. Phytother. Res. 16(7):680-682.
7
Khayyal, M. T., El-Ghazaly, M. A., Kenawy, S. A.,
Seif-El-Nasr, M.,
Mahran, L. G., Kafafi, Y. A. H. and Okpanyi, S. N.
2001. Antiulcerogenic
effect of some gastrointestinally acting plant
extracts and their
combination. Arzneim. Forsch./Drug Res. 51:545-553.
8
Nakano, Y., Matsunaga, H., Saita, T., Mori, M.,
Katano, M. and Okabe,
H. 1998. Antiproliferative constituents in
Umbelliferae plants II.
Screening for polyacetylenes in some Umbelliferae
plants, and isolation
of panaxynol and falcarindiol from the root of Heracleum
moellendorffii. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 21(3):257-261.
9
Calis, I, Kuruüzüm-Uz, A., Lorenzetto, P. A. and
Rüedi, P. 2002. (6S)-
Hydroxy-3-oxo-alpha-ionol glucosides from Capparis
spinosa fruits.
Phytochemistry 59(4):451-457.
10
Sharaf, M., El-Ansari, M. A. and Saleh, N. A. M.
2000. Quercetin
triglycoside from Capparis spinosa. Fitoterapia
71:46–49.
11
Brevard, H., Brambilla, M., Chaintreau, A. and
Marison, J. P. 1992.
Occurrence of elemental sulphur in capers (Capparis
spinosa L.) and
first investigation of the flavour profile. Flavour
and Fragrance Journal
7(6):313-321.
12
Juteau, F., Masotti, V., Bessiere, J. M., Dherbomez,
M. and Viano, J.
2002. Antibacterial and antioxidant activities of
Artemisia annua
essential oil.
Fitoterapia 73(6):532-535.
13
Kim, K. S., Lee, S., Lee, Y. S., Jung, S. H., Park,
Y., Shin, K. H. and Kim,
B. K. 2003. Anti-oxidant activities of the extracts
from the herbs of
Artemisia apiacea.
J. Ethnopharmacol. 85(1):69-72.
14
Hakkak, R., Korourian, S., Ronis, M. J., Johnston,
J. M. and Badger, T.
M. 2001. Dietary whey protein protects against
azoxymethane-
induced colon tumors in male rats. Cancer Epidemiol
Biomarkers Prev.
10:555-558.
15
Krissansen, G. W. 2007. Emerging health properties
of whey proteins
and their clinical implications. J. Am. Coll. Nutr.
26:713S-723S.
16
Marshall, K. 2004. Therapeutic applications of whey
protein.
Alternative Medicine Review 9:136–156.
17
Foegeding, E., Davis, E. A., Doucet, J. P. and
McGuffey, M. K. 2002.
Advances in modifying and understanding whey protein
functionality.
Trends Food Sci. Technol. 13:151–159.
18
Abdel-Salam, A. M., Ammar, A. S. and Galal, W. K.
2009. Evaluation
and properties of formulated low calories functional
yoghurt cake. J.
Food, Agric. Environ. 7(2):218-221.
19
Humason, G. L. 1979. Animal Tissue Techniques. 4
th
edn. W. N.
Freeman
and Company, San Francisco.
20
Reitman, S. and Frankel, S. 1957. A colorimetric
method for determination
of serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and
glutamic pyruvic
transaminase. Am. J. Clin. Path. 28:56-63.
21
Tietz, N. W. 1970. Fundamental of Clinical
Chemistry. W. B. Sanders
& Co., Philadelphia, USA.
22
Stein, E. A. and Myers, G. L. 1995. National Cholesterol
Education
Program recommendations for triglyceride
measurement: Executivesummary. Clin. Chem. 41:1421-1426.
23
Habig, W. H., Pabst, M. J. and Jacoby, W. B. 1974.
Glutathione-S-
transferases.The first enzyme step in mercapturic
acid formation. J.
Biol.Chem. 249:7130-7137.
24
Sánchez-Moreno, C., Larrauri, J. A. and
Saura-Calixto, F. A. 1998. A
procedure to measure the antiradical efficiency of
polyphenols. J. Sci.
Food Agric. 76:270–276.
25
A.O.A.C. 2003. Official Methods of Analysis. 17
th
edn. AOAC
International, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA. The 2
nd
revision of
this
edn (2003); the 16
th
edn. (1995)
and the 15
th
edn. (1990).
This last was
published in Arlington, Virginia, USA.
26
Miller, J. C. and Miller, J. N. 1992. Statistics for
Analytical Chemistry.
2
nd
edn. Ellis
Horweed, New York, London, Tokyo.
27
Eisenberg, D. M., Kessler, R. C., Foster, C.,
Norlock, F. E., Calkins, D.
R. and Delbanco, T. L. 1993. Unconventional medicine
in the United
States. New England Journal of Medicine 328:246-252.
28
MacLennan, A. H., Wilson, D. H. and Taylor, A.W.
1996. Prevalence
and cost of alternative medicine in Australia.
Lancet 347:569-573.
29
Upadhayay, V. P. and Pandey, K. 1984. Ayurvedic
approach to diabetes
mellitus and its management by indigenous resources.
In Bajaj, J. S.
(ed.). Diabetes Mellitus in Developing Countries.
Interprint, New
Delhi, pp. 375–377.
Ames BM, Shigena MK, Hagen TM (1993) Oxidants,
antioxidant and the degenerative diseases of aging.
Proc
Natl Acad Sci USA 90: 7915–7922
Arena A, Bisignano G, Povone B, Tomaino A, Bonina
FP,
Sajia A, Cristani M, D’Arrigo M, Trombetta D (2007)
Antiviral and immunomodulatory effect of a
lypholized
extract of Capparis spinosa L. buds. Phytother Res
22(3):
313-317
Awika JM, Rooney LW, Wu X, Prior RL,
Cisneros-Zevallos,
L (2003) Screening methods to measure antioxidant
activity of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and sorghum
products. J Agric Food Chem 51: 6657–6662
Benzie IF, Strain JJ (1999) Ferric
reducing/antioxidant power
assay: direct measure of total antioxidant activity
of
biological fluids and modified version for
simultaneous
measurement of total antioxidant power and ascorbic
acid
concentration. Meth Enzymol 299: 15–27
Bonina F, Puglia C, Ventura D, Aquino R, Tortora S,
Sacchi
A, Sajia A,
Tomaino A, Pellegrino ML, de Caprariis P
(2002) In vitro antioxidant and in vivo
photoprotective
effects of a lyophilized extract of Capparis spinosa L.
buds. J Cosmetic Sci 53(6): 321-335
Cao YL, Li X, Zheng M (2010) Capparis spinosa
protects
against oxidative stress in systemic sclerosis
dermal
fibroblasts. Arch Dermatol Res 302(5): 349-355
Hashempour A, Ghazvini RF, Bakhshi D, Sanam SA
(2010)
Fatty acids composition and pigments changing of
virgin
olive oil (Olea europea L.) in five cultivars grown
in Iran.
Aust J Crop Sci 4(4): 258-263
Islam MS, Yoshimoto M, Ishigure K, Okuno S, Yamakawa
O
(2003) Effect of artificial shading and temperature
onradical scavenging activity and polyphenolic composition
in sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) leaves. J
Amer Soc
Hort Sci 128: 182-187
Lachman J, Orsak M, Hejtmankova A, Kovarova E (2010)
Evaluation of antioxidant activity and total
phenolics of
selected Czech honeys. LWT - Food Sci Technol 43:
52–58
Leong LP, Shui, G (2001) An investigation of
antioxidant
capacity of fruits in Singapore markets. Food Chem
76:
69–75
Liyana-Pathiranan CM, Shahidi F (2005) Antioxidant
activity
of commercial soft and hard wheat (Triticum aestivum
L)
as affected by gastric pH conditions. J Agric Food
Chem
53: 2433-2440
Luximon-Ramma A, Bahorun T, Soobrattee AM, Aruoma OI
(2005) Antioxidant activities of phenolic,
proanthocyanidin
and flavonoid components in extracts of Acacia fistula. J
Agric Food Chem 50: 5042-5047
Mishra GP, Singh R, Bhoyar M, Singh SB (2009)
Capparis
spinosa: unconventional potential food source in
cold arid
deserts of Ladakh. Curr Sci 96: 1563–1564
Nagai T, Reiji I, Hachiro I, Nobutaka S (2003)
Preparation
and antioxidant properties of water extract of
propolis.
Food Chem 80: 29–33
Oktay M, Gulcin I, Kufrevioglu OI (2003)
Determination of
in vitro antioxidant activity of fennel (Foeniculum
vulgare)
seed extracts. Lebensm Wiss Techol 36: 263–271
Ordon EA, Gomez JD, Vattuone MA, Isla MI (2006)
Antioxidant activities of Sechium edule
(Jacq.) Swart
extracts. Food Chem 97: 452-458
Othman A, Ismail A, Ghani NA, Adenan I (2007)
Antioxidant capacity and phenolic content of cocoa
beans.
Food Chem 100: 1523–1530
Prior RL, Wu X, Schaich K (2005) Standardized
methods for
the determination antioxidant capacity and phenolics
in
foods and dietary supplements. J Agric Food Chem 53:
4290-4302
Rabah IO, Hou DX, Komine SI, Fujii M (2004)
Potential
chemopreventive properties of extract from baked
sweet
potato (Ipomoea batatas lam. Cv. Koganesengan). J Agric
Food Chem 23: 7152–7157
Re R, Pellegrini N, Proteggente A, Pannala A, Yang
M, RiceEvans C (1999) Antioxidant activity applying an improved
ABTS radical cation decolorization assay. Free
Radical Bio
Med 26: 1231-1237
Sharaf M, el-Ansari MA, Saleh NA (2000) Quercetin
triglycoside from Capparis spinosa. Fitoterapia
71(1): 46-
49
Stanner SA, Hughes J, Kelly CN, Buttriss JA (2000)
Review
of the epidemiological evidence for the ‘antioxidant
hypothesis’. Public Health Nutrition 7: 401-422
Stintzing FC, Herbach KM, Mosshammer MR, Carle R, Yi
W, Sellappan S (2005) Color, betalain pattern, and
antioxidant properties of cactus pear (Opuntia spp.)
clones.
J Agric Food Chem 53: 422–451
Teow CC, Truong V, McFeeters RF, Thompson RL, Pecota
KV, Yencho GC (2007) Antioxidant activities, phenolic
and b-carotene contents of sweet potato genotypes
with
varying flesh colours. Food Chem 103: 829-838
Tepe B, Sokmen M, Akpulat HA, Sokmen A (2006)
Screening of the antioxidant potentials of six
Salvia species
from Turkey. Food Chem 95: 200-204
Tomaino A, Cimino F, Zimbalatti V, Venuti V, Sulfaro
V,
De Pasquale A (2005) Influence of heating on
antioxidant
activity and the chemical composition of some spice
essential oils. Food Chem 89: 549–554
Trombetta D, Occhiuto F, Perri D, Puglia C, Santagati
NA,Pasquale AD, Sajia A, Bonina F (2005)
Anti-allergic
and anti-histaminic effect of two extracts of Capparis
spinosa L. buds. Phytother Res 19: 29-33
Wang M, Li J, Rangarajan M, Shao Y, La Voie E J,
Huang T,
Ho C (1998) Antioxidative phenolic compounds from
Sage
(Salvia officinalis). J Agric Food Chem 46:
4869–4873
Wolfe K, Wu X, Liu RH (2003) Antioxidant activity of
apple
peels. J Agric Food Chem 51: 609-614
Wong SP, Lai PL, Jen HWK (2006) Antioxidant activites
of
aqueous extracts of selected plants. Food Chem 99:
775-
783
Yu L, Haley S, Perret J, Harris M, Wilson J, Qian M
(2002)
Free radical scavenging properties of wheat
extracts. J
Agric Food Chem 50: 1619–1624
Zheng W, Wang SY (2001) Antioxidant activity and
phenolic
compounds in selected herbs. J Agric Food Chem 49:
5165–5170
Alkire B (1998). Capers. Purdue New Crop FactSheet.
Center for New
Crops and Plant Products. Purdue University.
http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/cropfactsheets/caper.html
Anderson E (1956). Man as a maker of new plants and
new plant
communities. In Man’s Role in Changing the Face of
the Earth. Edited
by WL Thomas, University of Chicago Press, Chicago,
IL. pp. 763–
777.
Araujo MB (2003). The Coincidence of People and
Biodiversity in
Europe. Global Ecol. Biogeogr. 12: 5-12.
Barbera G, Di-Lorenzo R, Barone E, Di-Lorenzo R
(1991). Observations
on Capparis spinosa populations cultivated in Sicily
and on their
vegetative and productive behavior. Agricol.
Mediterr. 121(1): 32-39.
Crawley MJ (2005). Statistics - An Introduction
using R. England. John
Wiley & Sons Ltd.: pp. 155-185.
Ehleringer JR, Cooper TA (1992). On the role of
orientation in reducing
photoinhibitory damage in phptosynthetic-twig desert
shrub. Plant Cell
Environ. 15: 301-306.
KISR (1996). National greenery plan. Kuwait for Sci.
Res. Report No.
KISR 4938, Kuwait.
Le Houérou HN (1996). Climate change, drought and
desertification. J.
Arid Environ. 34(2): 133-185.
Little TM, Hills FJ (1978). Agricultural
Experimentation Design and
Analysis. U.S.A: John Wiley & Sons Inc.
pp.63-65.
Pascual B, San Bautista A, Ferreros N, Lopez-Galarza
S , Marato JV
(2003). Analysis of Germination of Caper Seeds as
Influenced by the
Position of Fruit on the Mother Plant, Fruit
Maturation Stage and Fruit
Weight. J. Horti. Sci. Biotech. 78(1): 73-78.
Rebele F (1994). Urban Ecology and Special Features
of Urban
Ecosystems. Global. Ecol. Biogeogr. Lett. 4:
173-187.
Rhizopoulou S, Heberlein K, Kassianou A (1997).
Field water relations
of Capparis spinosa L. J. Arid Environ. 36(2):
237-248.
Soyler D, Arslan N (2000). The effects of some plant
growing regulators
on the rooting of Capers (Capparis spinosa L.),
Turkish J. Agric. For.
24: 595-600.
Suleiman MK, Grina RH (2003). Evaluation of new
ornamental plants
for use in Kuwait’s landscape and demonstration
gardens
establishment. Proposal. KISR 6342, Kuwait.
Suleiman MK, Bhat NR, Abdal MS, Al-Mulla L, Grina R,
Al-Dossery S,
Bellen R, D’cruz G, George J, Christopher A (2007).
Evaluation of
shrub performance under arid conditions, J. Food
Agri. Environ. 5(1):
273-280.
Suleiman MK, Bhat NR, Bellen RR (2003). Performance
of ornamental
plants under deficit irrigation. J. Appl. Horti.,
5(2): 96-99.
Turner NC (1986). Adaptation to water deficits: a
changing prospective.
Aus. J. Plant Physiol. 13: 175-190.
Whitney G, Adams SD (1980). Man as maker of new
plant communities.
J. Appl. Ecol. 17: 431–448.
[1] Dikshit
A, Shahi SK, Pandey KP, Patra M, Shukla AC
Aromatic
plants a source of natural chemotherapeutants
Nat. Acad.
Sci. Letters,2004; 27(5&6): 145-164.
[2] Newman
DJ, Cragg GM, Snader KM.
The
influence of natural products upon drug discovery
Nat Prod
Rep, 2000; 17(3): 215-234.
[3] Newman
DJ, Cragg GM, Snader KM,
Natural
products as sources of new drugs over the period 1981-2002
J Nat Prod.,
2003; 66(7): 1022-1037.
[4] Kucuk O.
New
opportunities in chemoprevention research
Cancer
Invest., 2002; 20: 237-245
[5] Balunas
MJ, Kinghorn AD,
Drug
discovery from medicinal plants
Life Sci,
2005; 78: 431-441.
[6]
Richardson M.A.
Biopharmacologic and herbal therapies for cancer: research update from
NCCAM
J. Nutr.,
2001; 131(11): 3037S-3040S
[7]
Greenwald P.
Cancer
chemoprevention
Br Med J ,
2002; 324 (7339): 714-718.
[8] Ho JW, Leung YK, Chan CP
Herbal
medicine in the treatment of cancer
Curr Med
Chem Anticancer Agents,2002; 292: 209-214.
[9] Kim J,
Park EJ,
Cytotoxic
anticancer candidates from natural resources
Curr Med
Chem Anticancer Agents, 2002; 2: 485-537.
[10] Mehta
RG, Pezzuto JM,
Discovery of
cancer preventive agents from natural
products: From plants to
prevention.
Curr Oncol
Rep, 2002; 4: 478-486.
[11] Kinghorn
AD, Farnsworth NR, Soejarto DD, Cordell GA, Swanson SM, Pezzuto
JM, Wani MC, Wall ME, Oberlies NH, Kroll DJ, Kramer
RA, Rose WC, Vite GD,
Fairchild CRM, Peterson RW, Wild R
Natural
inhibitors of carcinogenesis
Pharmaceutical Biology, 2003; 41: 53-67.
[12] Lampronti I, Martello D, Bianchi N, Borgatti M,
Lambertini E, Piva R, Jabbar S,
Choudhuri
MSK, Khan MTH, Gambari R
In vitro antiproliferative effects on human tumor
cell lines of extracts from the
Bangladeshi medicinal plant Aegle marmelos Correa
Phytomedicine 2003; 10: 300-308.
[13] Cozzi P,
Mongelli N, Suarto A
Recent
anticancer cytotoxic agents
Curr Med
Chem Anticancer Agents, 2004; 4: 93-121.
[14] Diwanay
S, Chitre D, Patwardhan B,
Immunoprotection by botanical drugs in cancer chemotherapy
J Ethnopharmacol,
2004; 90: 49-55.
[15] Itharat
A, Houghton PJ, Eno-Amooquaye E, Burke PJ, Sampson JH, Raman A
In vitro
cytotoxic activity of Thai medicinal plants used traditionally to treat cancer
J
Ethnopharmacol, 2004; 90: 33-38
[16] Ravelo
ÁG, Estévez-Braun A, Chávez-Orellana H, Pérez-Sacau E, Mesa-Siverio
D
Recent
studies on natural products as anticancer agents
Curr Top Med
Chem, 2004; 4: 241-265.
[17] Lee CC,
Houghton P,
Cytotoxicity
of plants from Malaysia and Thailand used traditionally to treat
cancer.
J
Ethnopharmacol, 2005; 100: 237-243.
[18] Sehgal A
Anticancer
drug discovery using chemical genomics
Current Med
Chemistry, 2003; 10(9): 749-755.
[19] Wagner
H, Bladt S
Plant drug
analysis, a thin layer chromatography atlas. Berlin, Springer-Verlag,
pp. 155, 176, 178 (1996).
[20] Boik
J.
Natural
Compounds in Cancer Therapy. Oregon Medical Press, Minnesota, USA,
p. 25 (2001).
[21]
Cardellina II JH, Fuller RW, Gamble WR, Westergaard C, Boswell J, Munro
MHG,
Currens M, Boyd M.
Evolving
strategies for the selection dereplication and prioritization of antitumor
and HIV-inhibitory natural products extracts. In: Bohlin, L., Bruhn, J.G. (Eds.),
Bioassaay Methods in Natural Product Research and
Development. Kluwer
Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp. 25–36 (1999)
[22] Ferguson
PJ, Kurowska E, Freeman DJ, Chambers AF, Koropatnick DJ.
A flavonoid
fraction from cranberry extract inhibits proliferation of human tumor
cell lines
J. Nutr.,
2004; 134(6):1529-1535
[23]
Kanadaswami C, Lee L, Lee PH, Hwang J, Ke F, Huang Y, Lee M.
The antitumor
activities of flavonoids
In Vivo,
2005; 19(5): 895-909.
[24] Foray L,
Bertrand C, Pinguet F, Soulier M, Astre C, Marion C, Pelissier Y,
Bessiere JM.
In vitro
cytotoxic activity of three essential oils from Salvia species
Journal of
Essential Oil Research, 1999; 11(4): 522-526.
[25] Esquivel
B, Sanchez AA, Vergara F, Matus W, Hernandez-Ortega S, RamirezApan, M.T.
Abietane diterpenoids from the roots of some Mexican
Salvia species (Labiatae):
Chemical diversity, phytogeographical significance
and cytotoxic activity
Chem. Biodivers.,
2005; 2(6): 738-747.
[26] Wang X,
Xu J.
Salvianic acid A protects human neuroblastoma
SH-SY5Y cells against MPP
+
-
induced cytotoxicity
Neurosci.
Res. 2005; 51(2): 129-138.
[27] Fiore G,
Nencini C, Cavallo F, Capasso A, Bader A, Giorgi G, Micheli L.
In vitro
antiproliferative effect of six Salvia species on human tumor cell lines.
Phytother
Res, 2006; 20: 701-703.
[28] Topcu G,
Oksuz S, Shieh HL, Cordell GA., Pezzuto JM, Bozok-Johansson C.
Cytotoxic and
antibacterial sesquiterpenes from Inula graveolens
Phytochemistry, 1993; 33(2): 407-410.
Abbas, J. A.,
El Oqlah, A. A., and Mahasneh, A.
M. (1992). Herbal
plants in the
traditional medicine of Bahrain.
€con. 60t.
46(2), 158-163.
Abdulla,
S., Abuzarqa, M., Afifi,
F., Al-Khalil, S.,
Mahasneh, A.,
and Sabri, S.
(1989). Effects of 3.3-di-0-methyl quercetin on
guinea-pig isolated smooth muscle. J. Pharm.
Pharmacol.
Ghazal,
S. A., Abuzarqa,
M., and Mahasneh,
A. M. (1992).
Antimicrobial activity of Polygonum equisetiforme
extracts
and flavonoids. Phytother. Res. 6,265-269.
Mahasneh, A.
M. (1986). Antimicrobial activity of plant extract
and pure judaicin from Artemisia judiaca. Jordan
Med. J. 20,
Miller,
A. G., and Morris,
M. (1988). Plants
of Dhofar, TheSouthern Region
of Oman, Traditional,
Economical and
Medicinal Uses. Prepared and published by the Office
of the
Advisor for Conservation of the Environment, Diwan of the
Royal Court, Sultanate of Oman.
Miski, M.,
Ulebelen, A., Johansson, C., and Marby, T.
J. (1983).
Antibacterial activity studies of
flavonoids from Salvia
palestina. J. Nat. Prod. 46,874-875.
Smith, D. A.,
and Banks, S. W. (1986). Biosynthesis - elucidation
and biological activity of
isoflavonoid/phytoalexins. Phy-
tochemistry 25,979-995.
Yoshizaki,
M., Fugino, H., Arise, A.,
Ohumura, K., Arisawa, M.,
and
Morita, N. (1987).
Polygoaceto - phenoside, a new
acetophene glucoside from Polygonum multiflorum.
Planta
Med. 53.273-277.
Alkire B. (1998). Capers. Purdue New Crop FactSheet.
Center for New Crops and Plant Products. Purdue University.
http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/cropfactsheets/caper.html
Barbera G., Di-Lorenzo R., Barone E. (1991).
Observations on Capparis spinosa populations cultivated in Sicily
and on their vegetative and productive behavior.
Agricoltura Mediterranean, 121 (1): 32-39.
Brown G. (2001). Vegetation ecology and biodiversity
of degraded desert areas in north-eastern Arabia. Habilitation Thesis, Rostock
University, 190 pp.
(Contd.)
Comments