World Literature on Medicinal Plants from Pankaj Oudhia’s Medicinal Plant Database -59

World Literature on Medicinal Plants from Pankaj Oudhia’s Medicinal Plant Database -59

World Literature on Medicinal Plants Quoted/Consulted/Modified/Improved/Discussed/Used/Corrected in Pankaj Oudhia’s Medicinal Plant Database.

For details please visit http://www.pankajoudhia.com



Oudhia, P. (2009). Traditional Agricultural Knowledge in Indian state Chhattisgarh. 1.
Management of Nephotettix sp. in Rice (Oryza sativa) crop. 7. Mitragyna parviflora
based formulation (With 7 Herbs) . CGBD (Offline Database on Chhattisgarh
Biodiversity), Raipur, India. 
Oudhia, P. (2009). Traditional Agricultural Knowledge in Indian state Chhattisgarh. 1.
Management of Nephotettix sp. in Rice (Oryza sativa) crop. 8. Mitragyna parviflora
based formulation (With 3+3 Herbs) . CGBD (Offline Database on Chhattisgarh Biodiversity), Raipur, India. 
Oudhia, P. (2009). Traditional Agricultural Knowledge in Indian state Chhattisgarh. 1.
Management of Nephotettix sp. in Rice (Oryza sativa) crop. 9. Mitragyna parviflora
based formulation (With 10 Herbs) . CGBD (Offline Database on Chhattisgarh
Biodiversity), Raipur, India. 
Oudhia, P. (2009). Traditional Agricultural Knowledge in Indian state Chhattisgarh. 1.
Management of Nephotettix sp. in Rice (Oryza sativa) crop. 10. Mitragyna parviflora
based formulation (With 3+9 Herbs) . CGBD (Offline Database on Chhattisgarh
Biodiversity), Raipur, India. 
Oudhia, P. (2009). Traditional Agricultural Knowledge in Indian state Chhattisgarh. 1.
Management of Nephotettix sp. in Rice (Oryza sativa) crop. 11. Mitragyna parviflora
based formulation (With 11 Herbs) . CGBD (Offline Database on Chhattisgarh
Biodiversity), Raipur, India. 
Oudhia, P. (2009). Traditional Agricultural Knowledge in Indian state Chhattisgarh. 1.
Management of Nephotettix sp. in Rice (Oryza sativa) crop. 12. Mitragyna parviflora
based formulation (With 3+12 Herbs) . CGBD (Offline Database on Chhattisgarh
Biodiversity), Raipur, India. 
Oudhia, P. (2009). Traditional Agricultural Knowledge in Indian state Chhattisgarh. 1.
Management of Nephotettix sp. in Rice (Oryza sativa) crop. 13. Mitragyna parviflora
based formulation (With 15 Herbs) . CGBD (Offline Database on Chhattisgarh
Biodiversity), Raipur, India. 
Crawley M. J. (2005). Statistics: An Introduction using R. England, John Wiley & Sons Ltd.: 155-185.
Evans E., Blazich F. A. (1994). Overcoming seed dormancy: Trees and Shrubs. North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service. North California State University Horticulture Information Leaflet-8704, 5 pp.
Food and Agricultural Organization (2004). AQUASTAT- FAO’s Information System on Water and Agriculture.
http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/countries/kuwait/index.stm.
International Seed Testing Association (ISTA) (1999). International rules for seed testing. Seed Science and
Technology, 27: 333.
Kara Z., Ecevit F., Karakaplan S. (1996). Toprak koruma elemani ve yeni bir tarismal urur olarak kapari (Capparis
spinosa spp.). Tarim-Cevre Iliskileri Sempozyyumu. Mersin: 919-929 (in Turkish).
Koc H. (2001). Germination of Caper (Capparis spinosa L.) seeds. Beletinul Universitãtii de Stiinte Agricolr Seria
Medicinã Veterinarã Cluj-Napoca. Seria Agriculturã, 55/56: 292-296 (in Romanian).
Kontaxis D. G. (1997). Caper. Speciality and Minor Crops Handbook. Small Farm Center, University of California, Davis, 4 pp.
Little T. M., Hills F. J. (1978). Agricultural experimentation gesign and analysis. USA: John Wiley & Sons Inc.:
63-65.
Macchia M. Casano S. (1993). Propagation of Caper (Capparis spinosa). Sementi Elette, 39: 37-42.
Olmez Z., Yahyaoglu Z., Ucler A. O. (2004). Effects of H2
SO4
, KNO3
 and GA3
 treatments on germination of caper
(Capparis ovata Desf.) seeds. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 7 (6): 879-882.
Omar S. A. S., Al-Mutawa Y., Zaman S. (2007). Vegetation of Kuwait. Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research,
Kuwait: 34-159.
Orphanos P. I. (1983). Germination of caper seeds. Journal of Horticultural Science, 58: 267-270.
Pascual B., San Bautista A., Imbernon A., Lopez-Galarza S., Alagarda J., Marto J. V. (2006). Germination behaviour after storage of caper seeds. Seed Science and Technology, 34 (1): 151-159.
Soyler D., Arslan N. (1999). Effect of heat, light and dark treatments on seed germination of capers (Capparis
spinosa L.). Anadolu, 9: 63-75.
Soyler D., Arslan N. (2000). The effects of some plant growing regulators on the rooting of capers (Capparis
spinosa L.). Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 24: 595-600.
Sozzi G. O., Chiesa A. (1995). Improvement of caper (Capparis spinosa L.) seed germination by breaking seed
coat-induced dormancy. Scientia Horticulturae, 62 (4): 255-261.
Tansi S. (1999). Propagation methods for Caper (Capparis spinosa L.). Agricoltura Mediterranea, 129: 45-49.
Tansi S., Culcu A., Nacar S. (1997). The researches on the germination of Caper. Turkiye II. Tarla Bitkileri
Kongressi. Samsun: 681-683.
Tansu S., Kocabaa F. (1997). Importance of caper (Capparis spinosa L.) under forest ecosystem and its cultivation. In: Mukerji A. K. (Ed.). XI World Forestry Congress, Antalya, Turkey, 13 to 22 October., Vol 3, Topic
15: 259 (Abstract).
Thompson J. R. (1979). An introduction to seed technology: Testing for Germination Capacity and Vigour. Leonard Hill, London, UK, 252 pp.
Yildrim Z. (1998). Studies on the improvement of seed germination in Caper. Turkish Journal of Field Crops, 3
(1): 21-24.
CHAYAMARIT K. 1991. — Capparaceae: 241-271, in
SMITINAND T. & LARSEN K. (eds),  Flora of
Thailand 5 (3). Chutima Press, Bangkok.
JACOBS M. 1965. — The genus Capparis (Capparaceae)
from the Indus to the Pacific. Blumea 12 (3): 385-541.
MABBERLEY D.J. 1997. — The Plant-Book: A Portable
Dictionary of the Vascular Plants. 2
nd
ed. Cambridge
University Press, Cambridge.
SRISANGA P., TRISONTHI C. & CHAYAMARIT K. 2003.
— Capparis sikkimensis Kurz subsp. yunnanensis
(Craib & W. W. Sm.) Jacobs (Capparaceae), a new
record for Thailand. Thai For. Bull. (Bot.) 31:
123-128.
1. R. N. Chopra, S. L. Nayer and I. C. Chopra "Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants",
CSIR, New Delhi, (1956) p. 236. 
2. K. R. Kirtikar and B. D. Basu, "Indian Medicinal Plants", Int. Book Distrib.,
Dehradun, Vol. 1, (1933) p. 197. 
3. Rastogi and Mehrotra "Compendium Indian Medicinal Plants" PID, New Delhi, Vol.
II, (1970-1979) p. 137. 
4. "The Wealth of India" A Dictionary on Indian Raw Material and Industrial Products,
CSIR, New Delhi, 5 (1950). 
5. R. Belcher and A. L. Godbert "Semimicro Quantitative Organic Chemistry",
Longmans Green, New York (1954). 
6. E. Weisenberger, Mikrochemic Ver., Mikrochim. Acta, 33, 1947. 
7. F. G. Mann and B. C. Soonders, Practical Organic Chemistry, Longmann Green, New
York, (1936) p. 365. 
8. Egon Stahl, Longmann Green, “Thin Layer Chromatography”, Academic Press, New
York, London. 
9. E. L. Hirst and J. K. N. Jones, J. Chem. Soc., 1659 (1949). 
10. S. Ramaswamy and H. Hariharan, Phytochemistry, 9, 409 (1970). 
Abid M., M.I. Choudhary, M.A. Maqbool and A. Ur-Rahman, 1997. Preliminary screening of some plants for
their nematicidal activity against Meloidogyne javanica. Nematologia Mediterranea 25, 155–157.
Abu-Gharbieh W.I., 1994. Root Knot Nematodes, Meloidogyne spp. in Jordan, Biology and Control. 2nd Edition,
Publications of the University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan, 97 pp.
Abu El-Asal M.I., 1998. Treatment of Transparent Polyethylene Sheets after Soil Solarization for Direct Transplanting, and their Effect on Root-knot Nematode. M.Sc.
Thesis. Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jordan,
Amman, Jordan, 70 pp.
Badawi S.M. and W.I. Abu-Gharbieh, 2000. Efficacy of certain non fumigant nematicides for the control of Meloidogyne javanica on tomato. Pakistan Journal of Nematology 18, 59–68.
Barker K.R., R.S. Hussey, L.R. Krusberg, G.W. Bird, R.A.
Dunn, H. Ferris, V.R. Ferris, D.W. Freckmann, C.J.
Gabriel, P.S Grewal, A.E. MacGuidwin, D.L. Riddle, P.A.
Roberts and D.P. Schmitt, 1994. Plant and soil nematodes: Societal impact and focus for the future. Journal
of Nematology 26, 127–137.
Malik M.S., N.K. Sangwan, K.S. Dhindsa, K.K. Verman
and D.S. Bhatti, 1987. Nematocidal efficacy of some
monoterpenes and related derivatives. Pesticides 21,
30–32.
Nath R.C. and B. Mukherjee, 2000. Dioscorea floribunda,
a potential source of nematicides of plant origin. Nematologia Mediterranea 28, 145–149.
Oka Y., S. Necar, E. Putievsky, U. Ravid, Z. Yaniv and Y.
Spiegel, 2000. Nematicidal activity of essential oils and
their components against the root-knot nematode. Phytopathology 90, 710–715.
Sangwan N.K., K.K. Verma, B.S. Verma, M.S. Malik andK.S. Dhindsa, 1985. Nematicidal activity of essential
oils of Cymbopogon grasses. Nematologica 31, 93–99.
Saxena D.B., B.K. Goswami and S.S. Tomar, 1987. Nematicidal activity of some essential oils against Meloidogyne incognita. Indian Perfume 31, 150–154.
Abbiw DK (1990). useful Plants of Ghana. Intermediate publication and
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. p. 22.
Ahmed OM, Adam SE, Edds GT (1981). The toxicity of Capparis
tomentosa in sheep and calves. Vet. Hum. Toxicol. (6): 403-409.
Ahmed SA, Amin AE, Adam SE, Hapke HJ (1993). Toxic effect of the
dried leaves and stem of Capparis tomentosa on Nubian goats. Dtsch
Tietarztl, Wochenschr. (5): 192-194.
Burkill HM (1965). Useful plants of West Tropical Africa, vol 1,
Whitefrains press Ltd. p. 126.
Cornforth JW, Henry A (1952). J. Chem. Soc. pp. 106-109.
Dekker TG, Ferringni TG, Matthee E, Snyckers FO (1993). An Oxindole
from the roots of Capparis tomrntosa Phytochem. (26): 1845-1846.
Derivative from Hypericum japonicum, Phytochem. 30: 3639-3641.
Gmelin R, Kjaer A (1970). Phytochem. 9: 601.
Irvine FR (1961). Woody plants of Ghana. Oxford University Press,
London. p. 46.
Kjaer A, Larsen I, Gmelin R (1955). Ibib. 9: 1311.
Kyoto I, Satoko N, Hisae F, Masae Y, Shuzo T, Koichiro I (1991) A
Dipeptide (Derivative from Hypericum japonicum Phytochemistry. 30:
3639-3641.
Marganet SN (1965). Introduction to the Flowering plants of West
Africa, 22, University press London.
Stahl E, Kaltenbach PG (1961). J. Chromatography, 5: 351.
Steenkamp V, Mathivha E, Gouws MC, van Rensburg CE (2004). Stu-dIes on antibacterial, antioxidant and fibroblast growth stimulation of
wound healing remedies from South Afr. J. Ethnopharmacol, 95(2-3):
353-357.
Watt J, Breyer-Braindwijk GM (1962). The medicinal and poisonous
plants of Southern and Eastern Africa, 2
nd
Ed, 160 and 631. E and S
Livingstone ltd. London.
White I (`1985). Vegetation of Africa. UNESCO, pp. 127-128.
Boissier, E. 1867: Capparis – P. 420 in: Flora Orientalis, 1. – Basel.
Boulos, L. 1999: Capparis – Pp. 171-173 in: Flora of Egypt, 1. – Cairo.
Burtt, B. L. & Lewis, P. 1950. On the flora of Kuwait. – Kew Bull. 1949(3): 273-308.
Chaudhary, S. A. 1999 Capparis. – Pp. 448-449 in: Chaudhary, S.A. (ed.) Flora of the Kingdom of
Saudi Arabia, 1. – Riyadh.
— & Al Jowaid, A. A. A. 1999: Vegetation of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. – Riyadh.
Fiori, A. & Paoletti, G. 1896-1898: Capparis. Pp. 412-413 in Flora analitica d’Italia, 1. – Padova.
— 1923-1925: Capparis. – P. 551 in: Nuova Flora analitica d’Italia.– Firenze.
Greuter, W., Burdet, H. M. & Long, G. 1984: Capparis. – P. 155 in: Med-Checklist, 1. – Genéve.
Higton, R. N. & Akeroyd, J. R. 1991: Variation in Capparis spinosa L. In Europe. – Bot. J. Linn.
Soc. 106: 104-112.
Jacobs, M. 1965: The genus Capparis (Capparaceae) from the Indus to the Pacific. – Blumea 12(3):
385-541.
Lamarck, C. 1785: Capparis. – P. 605 in: Encyclopedie methodique botanique, 1. – Paris.
Meikle, R. D. 1977: Capparis. – Pp. 172-173 in: Flora of Cyprus, 1. – Kew.
Mouterde, P. 1966: Nouvelle flore du Liban et de la Syrie – Beyrouth. Nehmé, M. 1978: Capparis. – P. 173, Pl. 86 in Wild Flowers of Lebanon. – Beirut.
Pignatti, S. 1982: Capparis. – P. 367 in: Flora d’Italia, 1. – Bologna.
Stearn, W. T. 1966. Botanical Latin. – Edinburgh.
Zohary, M. 1960: The species of Capparis in the Mediterranean and Near Eastern countries. – Bull.
Res. Counc. Israel 8D: 49-64.
Alam, A.H.M.K., Islam, R., Salam, K.A., Manir, M. M., Baki,
M.A., Hossain M.A. and G. Sadik (2006). Toxicological
studies of N- trans- ferloyl- 4methyldopamine isolated
from  Achranthes ferruginea. Pakistan Journal of
Biological Sciences, 9: 1052-1055.
Fawcett, J.K. and Scott J.F. (1960). A new semimicro
method for determination of urea. J. Cli.Pathol. 13:
156-159.
Ghai, C.L. (2004). A Text Book of Practical Physiology. 6
th
End. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers, New Delhi,
pp 130-175.
http://www.nbcindia.com/Description.asp?6v6yr_vq=GHIM
G&Buy+Book+Online=A+Textbook+of+Practical+Physi
ology&by=Ghai
Ghule,B.V., Murugananthan, G., Nakhat, P.D. and Yeole,
P.G. (2006). Immunostimulant effects of  Capparis
zeylanica Linn. Leaves. Fitoteripia, 108(2): 311-315.Ghule,B.V., Murugananthan, G. and Yeole, P.G. (2007).
Analgesic and antipyretic effects of Capparis zeylanica
leaves. Fitoteripia, 78(5): 365-369.
doi:10.1016/j.fitote.2007.02.003 
Haque, M. E., Haque, M., M.M. Rahman, M.M., Rahman,
M.M., Khondkar, P., Wahed,  M. I.I., Mossadik, M.A.,
Gray, A.I. and Sarker, S.D. (2004). E-octadec-7-en-5-
ynoic acid from the roots of Capparis zeylanica.
Fitoteripia, 75(2): 130-133.
           doi:10.1016/j.fitote.2003.11.004  
Haque, M., Haque, M. E.,  Rahman, M.M.,  Khondkar, P.
and. Rahman, M. M. (2008).  Antibacterial and
cytotoxic activities of  Capparis zeylanica Linn roots.
Ars. Pharmaceutica, 49: 31- 37.  
Hawks, P.B., Oser, L. and Summerson, W.H. (1554).
Practical Physiological Chemistry. 13
th
 ed., McGraw
Hill BooK Company, US, pp 394-394.
Katzung, B.G. (1994). Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. 6
th
ed., Prentice- Hall International In., California, pp 879-
881.
Khanna, N., Ray, A., Alkondon, M.  and Sen, P. (1989).
Effect of  β –adrenoceptor antagonists and some
related drugs on maximal electroshock seizures in
mice. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 27: 128-
130.
Klaassen, C.D. (1996). Principle of Toxicology and
Treatment of Poisoning.  In: Goodman and Gilman’s
The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, eds.,
Hardman, J.G., L.E. Limbird, P.B. Molinoff, R. W.
Ruddon and A.G. Gilman. 9
th
 ed., McGraw- Hill
Companies, United States, America, pp 63-74. 
Kritikar, K. R. (1987). Indian Medicinal Plants. Oriental
Enterprises, Dehradun, India, pp 200-2001.
Rahman, M.M., Wahed, M.I.I.,  Biswas, M.H.,  Sadik, G. M.
and. Haque, M.E (2001). In vitro antibacterial activity of
the compounds of Trapa bispinosa Roxb. Science, 1:
214-216.
http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&lr=&q=+2001%2B
In+vitro+antibacterial+activity+of+the+compounds+of+
Trapa+bispinosa+Roxb.+Science%2C+1%3A+214-
216&btnG=Search
Reitman, S. and Frankel, F.D. (1957). A calorimetric
method for the determination of serum glutamate-
oxalate and pyruvate transaminases. Am. J. Clin.
Pathol., 28: 56-63.
1. Ahmed, Z. F., Rizk, A. M., Hammouda, F. M. and
Seif El-Nasr, M. M. 1972. Phytochemical study
of  Lantana camara. Terpenes and Lactones II.
Planta Medica; 22: 34-37.
2. Alkire, B. 2001. New Crop Fact Sheet: Capers;
http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/cropfactshe
ets/caper.html.
3. Ara, H., Jaiswal, U. and Jaiswal, V. S. 2000.
Synthetic seed: prospects and limitations. Current
Science; 78(12): 1438-1444.
4. Ballester, A., Janeiro, L. V. and Vieitez, A. M.
1997. Cold storage of shoot cultures and alginate
encapsulation of shoot tips of Camellia japonica
L. and  Camellia reticulata  Lindley. Scienta
Horticulturae; 71: 67-78.
5. Bapat, V. A. and Rao, P. S. 1992. Plantlet
regeneration from encapsulated and
nonencapsulated desiccated somatic embryos of
forest tree: sandalwood (Santalum album L.).
Journal of Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology;
1: 109-113.
6. Bazinet, C., Kersulec, A., Dufrene, V., Timbert,
R., Hervagault, J. F, and Barbotin, J. N. 1992.
Physiological somatic embryos (Daucus carota
L.) behaviour depending on the storage
conditions. Biotechnology; 92: 139.
7. Bhojwani, S. S. and Razdan, M. K. 1996. Plant
tissue culture: theory and practice. Elsevier,
Amsterdam.
8. Chand, S. and Singh, A. K. 2004. Plant
regeneration from encapsulated nodal segmentsof  Dalbergia sissoo Roxb.-a timber-yielding
leguminous tree. Journal of Plant Physiology; 161:
237-243.
9. Danso, K. E. and Ford-Lloyd, B. V. 2003.
Encapsulation of nodal cuttings and shoot tips for
storage and exchange of cassava germplasm.
Plant Cell Report; 21: 718-725.
10. Duncan, D. B. 1955. Multiple range and multiple
F test. Biometrics; 11: 1-42. 
11. Ganapathi, T. R., Suprasanna, P., Bapat, V. A. and
Rao, P. S. 1992. Propagation of banana through
encapsulated shoot tips. Plant Cell Report; 11:
571-575.
12. Hasan, S. M. Z. and Takagi, H. 1995.
Alginate-coated nodal segments of yam
(Dioscoria spp.) for germplasm exchange and
distribution. Plant Genetic Resources Newsletter;
103: 32-35.
13. Hegazi, A. Ghada, Eid, S. R. and Sharaf, A. M.
2011. Micropropagation for conservation of two
rare Capparis species from Egypt. Catrina; 6.
14.Janeiro, L. V., Ballester, A. and Vieitez, A. M.
1997. In vitro response of encapsulated somatic
embryos of Camellia.  Plant Cell, Tissue and
Organ Culture; 51: 119-125.
15. Kinoshita, I. and Saito, A. 1992. Regeneration of
Japanese white birch plants from encapsulated
axillary buds. In the Proceedings of the 5
th
International Conference on Biotechnology in the
Pulp and Paper Industry, eds. M. Kuwahara and
M. Shimada. Uni Publishers, Tokyo, pp. 493-496.
16. Larkin, P. J., Davis, P. A. and Tanner, G. J. 1988.
Nurse culture of low number of  Medicago  and
Nicotiana protoplast using calcium alginate beads.
Plant Science; 58: 203-210.
17. Lisek, A. and Olikowska, T. 2004. In vitro storage
of strawberry and raspberry in calcium–alginate
beads at 4˚C. Plant Cell, Tissue and OrganCulture; 78: 167-172.
18. Mithen, R. F., Dekker, M., Verkerk, R., Rabot, S.
and Johnson, I. T. 2000. The nutritional
significance, biosynthesis and bioavailability of
glucosinolates in human foods. Journal of the
Science of Food and Agriculture; 80: 967-984. 
19. Murashige, T. and Skoog, F. 1962. A revised
medium for rapid growth and bioassay with
tobacco tissue cultures. Physiologia Plantarum;
15: 473-497.
20. Naik, S. K. and Chand, P. K. 2006.
Nutrient-alginate encapsulation of  in vitro  nodal
segments of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.)
for germplasm distribution and exchange. Scienta
Horticulturae (Amsterdam); 108:247-252.
21. Niino, T. and Sakai, A. 1992. Cryopreservation of
alginate coated in vitro grown shoot tips of apple,
pear and mulberry. Plant Science; 87: 199-206.
22. Nyende, A. B., Schittenhelm, S., Wagner, G. M.
and Greef, J. M. 2003. Production, storability,
and regeneration of shoot tips of potato (Solanum
tuberosum L.) encapsulated in calcium alginate
hollow beades.  In Vitro Cellular and
Developmental Biology-Plant; 39: 540-544. 
23. Pattnaik, S. K., Sahoo, Y., Chand, P. K. 1995.
Efficient plant retrieval from
alginate-encapsulated vegetative buds of mature
mulberry trees. Scienta Horticulturae
(Amsterdam); 61: 227-239.
24. Pennycooke, J. C. and Towil, L. E. 2001.
Medium alterations improve regrowth of sweet
potato (Ipomea batatas (L) Lam) shoot tips
cryopreserved by vitrification and
encapsulation-dehydration. CryoLetters; 22:
381-389.
25. Rai, M. K., Jaiswal, V. S. and Jaiswal, U. 2008a.
Encapsulation of shoot tips of guava (Psidium
guajava L.) for short-term storage and germplasm
exchange. Scienta Horticulturae (Amsterdam);
118: 33-38.
26. Rai, M. K., Jaiswal, V. S. and Jaiswal, U. 2008b.
Alginate-encapsulation of nodal segments of
guava (Psidium guajava L.) for germplasm
exchange and distribution. Journal of
Horticultural Science and Biotechnology; 83:
569-573.
27. Redenbaugh, K., Slade, D., Viss, P. and Fujii, J. A.
1987. Encapsulation of somatic embryos in
synthetic seed coats. HortScience; 22: 803-809.
28. Redenbaugh, K., Fujii, J. A., Slade, D., Viss, P. R.,
ans Kossler, M. E. 1991. Artificial
seeds–encapsulated embryos. In: Biotechnology
in agriculture and forestry, High technology andmicropropagation I, vol. 17, ed. Y. P. S. Bajaj, pp.
395-416. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag.
29. Rout, G. R., Das, G., Samantary, S., Das, P. 2001.
Micropropagation of Plumbago zeylanica  L., by
encapsulated nodal explants. Journal of
Horticultural Science and Biotechnology; 76:
24-29.
30. Sicurani, M., Piccioni, E., Standardi, A. 2001. 
Micropropagation and preparation of synthetic
seed in M.26 apple rootstock I: attempts towards
saving labor in the production of adventitious
shoot tips suitable for encapsulation. Plant Cell,
Tissue and Organ Culture; 66: 207-216. 
31. Singh, A. K., Sharma, M., Varshney, R., Agarwal,
S. S. and Bansal, K. C. 2006a. Plant regeneration
from alginate-encapsulated shoot tips of
Phyllanthus amarus  Schum and Thonn, a
medicinally important plant species.  In Vitro
Cellular Developmental Biology-Plant; 42:
109-113.
32. Singh, A. K., Varshney, R., Sharma, M., Agarwal,
S. S. and Bansal, K. C. 2006b. Regeneration of
plants from alginate-encapsulated shoot tips of
Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal, a medicinally
important plant species. Journal of Plant
Physiology; 163: 220-223.
33. Singh, Sh. K., Rai, M. K., Asthana, P., Pandey, S.,
Jaiswal, V. S. and Jaiswal, U. 2009. Plant
regeneration from alginate-encapsulated shoot
tips of  Spilanthes acmella  (L.) Murr., a
medicinally important and herbal pesticidal plant
species. Acta Physiologia Plantarum; 31:
649-653.
34. Tsvetkov, I., Jouve, L. and Hausman, J. F. 2006.
Effect of alginate matrix composition on
regrowth of  in vitro-derived encapsulated apical
microcuttings of hybrid aspen. Biologia
Plantarum; 50: 722-724.
35.Wang, Q., Batuman, Li. P., Bar-Joseph, M., and
Gafny, R. 2002. A simple and efficient
cryopreservation of in vitro shoot tips of “Troyer”
citrange [Poncirus trifoliate (L.) Raf.-Citrus
sinensis (L.) Osbeck] by
encapsulation-vitrification. Euphytica; 128:
135-142. 
36.Watt, M. P., Thokoane, N. L., Mycock, D. and
Blakeway, F. 2000. In vitro storage of Eucalyptus
grandis  germplasm under minimal growth
conditions. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture;
61: 161-164.
Andallu B, Varadacharyulu NC, 2003. Antioxidant role
of mulberry leaves in streptozotocin-diabetic rats.
Clinica Chimica Acta, 338: 3.
Andrade-Cetto A, Wiedenfeld H, Revilla Mac Islay S,
2000. Hypoglycemic effect of  Equisetum
myriochaitum  aerial parts on streptozotocin diabetic
rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 72: 129.
Anjali P, Manoj KM, 1995. Some comments on
diabetes and herbal therapy. Ancient Science of Life,
15: 27.
Anuradha CV, Selvam R, 1993. Effect of oral
methionine on tissue lipid peroxidation and
antioxidants in alloxan  induced diabetic rats. Journal
of Nutritional Biochemistry, 4: 212.
Aslan M, Orhan DD, Orhan N, Sezik E, Yesilada E,
2007. In vivo antidiabetic and antioxidant potential of
Helichrysum plicatum  ssp.  plicatum  capitulums in
streptozotocin-induced-diabetic rats. Journal of
Ethnopharmacology, 109: 54–59.
Baynes JW, 1995. Mechanistic approach to diabetes.
In: Inoannides C, Flatt FR, eds. Reactive oxygen inthe aetiology and complications of  diabetes. Eths
Horwood Limited, 203: 231.
Baynes JW, 1991. Role of oxidative stress in
development of complications in diabetes. Diabetes,
40: 405.
Bruce A, Freeman D, James C, 1982. Biology of
disease. Free radicals and tissue injury. Laboratory
Investigation, 47: 412.
Dangi KS, Mishra SN, 2010. Effect of  Capparis
aphylla stem extract treatment in normal and
streptozotocin induced diabetic rats infected with
Candida albicans.  Asian  Journal of Experimental
Biological Sciences, accepted.
Garg MC, Ojha S, Bansal DD, 1996. Antioxidant
status of streptozotocin - diabetic rats. Indian Journal
of Experimental Biology, 34: 264.
Jacob RA, 1995. The integrated antioxidant system.
Nutrition Research, 15: 755.
Jamall IS, Smith JC,  1985. Effects of cadmium on
glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and
lipid peroxidation in the rat heart: a possible
mechanism of cadmium cardiotoxicity. Toxicology and
Applied Pharmacology, 80: 33–42.
Kakkar P, Das B, Viswanathan PN, 1984. A modified
spectrophotometric assay of superoxide dismutase.
Indian Journal of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 21:
131-132.
Kato A, Miura T, 1993. Hypoglycemic activity of
Polygonati  rhizoma  in normal and diabetic mice.
Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin,  16: 1118–
1120.
Lery V, Zaltzber H, Ben-Amotz A, Kanter Y, Aviram
M, 1999. β-carotene affects antioxidant status in noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Pathophysiology,
6: 157.
Loven D, Schedl H, Wilson H, Diekus M, 1986. Effect
of insulin and oral glutathione on glutathione levels
and superoxide dismutase activities in organs of rats
with streptozotocin induced diabetes. Diabetes, 35:
503.
Luck H,  1971. In: Methods of  enzymatic analysis,
edited by HU Bergmeyer, Academic Press, New York,
111: 279.
Mishra SN, Tomar PC, Lakra N, 2007. Medicinal and
food value of Capparis - a harsh terrain plant. Indian
Journal of Traditional Knowledge, 6: 230-238.
Nagappa AN, Thakurdesai PA, Rao NV, Singh J,
2003. Antidiabetic activity of Terminalia catappa Linn
fruits. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 88: 45–50.
Nakakimura H, Mizuno K, 1980. Studies on lipid
peroxidation in biological systems II. Hyperlipoperoxidemia in mice induced by alloxan.
Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 28: 2207.
Oberley LW, 1988. Free radicals and diabetes. Free
Radical Biology and Medicine, 5: 113.
Ohkawa H, Ohishi N, Yagi K,  1979. Assay for lipid
peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid
reaction. Analytical Biochemistry, 95: 351–358.
Owiredu WKBA, Amegatcher G, Amidu N,  2009.
Precision and accuracy of three blood glucose
meters: Accu-check advantage, One touch horizon
and Sensocard. Journal of  Medical  Sciences, 9(4):
185-193.
Ozturia Y, Altan VM, Yildizoglu A, 1996. Effect of
experimental diabetes and insulin on smooth muscle
functions. Pharma Review, 48: 69.
Padmini K, Chakrabati CH, 1982. Effects of
bittergourd seed and glibenclamide in streptozotocin
induced diabetes mellitus. Indian Journal of
Experimental Biology, 20: 232.
Rotruck JT, Pope AL, Ganther HE, Swanson AB,
1973. Selenium: Biochemical roles as a component of
glutathione peroxidase. Science, 179: 588-590.
Scartezzini P, Speroni E, 2000. Review on some
plants of Indian traditional medicine with antioxidant
activity. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 71: 23-43.
Sedlak J, Lindsay RH,  1968. Estimation of total
protein-band and nonprotein sulfhydryl group in tissue
with Ellman’s reagent. Analytical Biochemistry, 25:
192–205.
Singh K, Mishra SN, 2010. Antimicrobial properties of
C. aphylla stem wood extract. Plant Archives,10: 141-
144.
Sozmen BY, Sozmen B, Delen Y, Onat T, 2001.
Catalase/superoxide  dismutase (SOD) and
catalase/paraoxonase (PON) ratios may implicate
poor glycemic control. Arabian Medical Research, 32:
283.
Stanely MP, Menon VP, 2001. Antioxidant action of
Tinospora cardifolia  root extract in alloxan diabetic
rats. Phytotherapy Research, 15: 213.
Thornally PJ, McLellan AC, Lo TW, 1996. Negative
association between reduced glutathione
concentration and diabetic complications. Medical
Sciences, 91: 575.
Tomlinson KC, Gardiner SM, Hebden RA, Bennett T,
1992. Functional consequences of streptozotocininduced diabetes mellitus, with particular reference to
the cardiovascular system. Pharmacology Review,
44: 103.
Wohaieb SA, Godin DV, 1987. Alterations in free
radical tissue - defense mechanisms in streptozotocin diabetes in rats: Effect of insulin treatment. Diabetes,  36: 1014.
[1] Vayias, B. J., Athanassiou, C. G., Kavallieratos, N. G., Tsesmeli, C. D.
and Buchelos, C. (2006), Persistence and ecacy of two diatomaceous
earth formulations and a mixture of diatomaceous earth with natural
pyrethrum against Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val (Coleoptera:
Tenebrionidae) on wheat and maize, Pest. Manag. Sci. 62, pp. 456-464.
[2] Mahroof, R., Yan Zhu, K., Neven, L. and Subramanyam, B. (2005),
Bai Expression patterns of three heat shock protein 70 genes among
developmental stages of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum
(Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Comp. Biochem Physiol. Molecul. Integra.
Physiol. 141(2), pp. 247-256.
[3] Boina, D. and Subramanyam, B. (2004), Relative susceptibility of Tribolium confusum life stages exposed to elevated temperatures, J. Econ
Entomol. 97(6), pp. 2168-2173
[4] Mbata, G. N., Phillips, T. W. and Payton, M. (2004), Mortality of
eggs of stored-product insects held under vacuum: eects of pressure,
temperature, and exposure time, J. Econ. Entomol. 97(2), pp. 695-702.
[5] Zettler, J. L. and Cuperus, G. W. (1990), Pesticide resistance in Tri-
bolium castaneum (Coleopteran: Tenebrionidae) and Rhyzopertha dominica (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) in wheat, J. Econ. Entomol. 83, pp.
1677-1681.
[6] Brattsten, L. B., Holyoke, C. W., Leeper, J. R. and Aa, K. F. (1986).
Insecticide resistance: Challenge to pest management and basic research,
Science. 231, pp. 1125-1160.
[7] Saxena, B. P., Koul, O. and Tikku, K. (1976), Non- toxic protectants
against the stored grain insect pests. Bull. Ger. Tech. 14, pp. 190-193.
[8] Dhar, D. N., Tewari, R. P., Tripathi, R. D. and Abuja, A. P. (1972),
Chemical examination of Capparis decidua, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. Ind.
42 (A), pp. 24-27.
[9] Yadav, P., Sarkar, S. and Bhatnagar, D. (1997), Lipid peroxidation and
antioxidant enzymes in erythrocytes and tissues in aged diabetic rats,
Ind. J. Exp. Biol. 35, pp. 389- 392
10] Finney, D. J. (1971), Probit analysis 3
rd
ed. Cambridge University, London. UK. pp. 333.
[11] Dubois, M., Gilles, K. A., Hamilton, J. K., Rebers, P. A. and Smith, F.
(1956), Colorimetric method for the determination of sugar and related
substances, Indian J. Biol. 28, pp. 350-356.
[12] Spies, J. R. (1957), Colorimetric procedure for amino acids. In: Methods
in enzymology, Colowich, S.P. and Kalplan, N.O. (eds), Acadmic press.
[13] Scheidner, W. C. (1957), Enzymology, Clowick, S. P., Kapalan, N. O.
(eds), Academic Press, pp. 680.
[14] Lowry, O. H., Rosenbrough, N. J., Farr, A. L. and Randall, R. (1951),
Protein measurement with phenol reagent, J. Biochem. 193, pp. 265-275.
[15] Bergmeyer, U. H. (1967), Determination of alkaline phophatase and acid
phosphatase by using p-nitrophenyl phosphate, In: Method of enzymatic
analysis, Acadmic Press, New York, pp. 1129.
[16] Annon, T. M. (1984), Sigma diagnostic: Lactate dehydrogenase (Quantitative, Colorimeteric determination in serum, urine and cerebrospinal
fluid) at 400-500nm. Procedure No. 500.
[17] Reitman, A. and Frankel S. (1957), A colorimetric method for the determination of glutamate-oxaloacetate and serum glutamate-pyruvate
transaminase, Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 28, pp. 56-63.
[18] Ellman, G. L., Courtney, K. D., Andres, V. and Featherstone, R.
M. (1961), A new and rapid colorimeteric determination of acetylcholinesterase activity, Biochem. Pharmacol. 7, pp. 88-95.
[19] Sokal, R. R. and Rohlf, F. J. (1973), Introduction to biostatistics, Freeman W.H. Co San Francisco.
[20] Liu, C. H., Mishar, A. K., Tan, R. X., Yang, H. and Shen, Y. F. (2006),
Repellent and insecticidal activities of essential oils from Artemisia
princes and Cinnamomum camphora and their eect on seed germination of wheat and broad bean, Technol. Bioresources. 97(15), pp. 1969-
1973.
[21] Kim, D. H. and Ahn, Y. J. (2001), Contact and fumigation activities of
constituents of Foeniculum vulgare fruit against three coleopteran stored
product insects, Pest Manage. Sci, 57, pp. 301-306.
[22] Singh, M., Srivastava, S. and Srivastava, R. P (1995), Eect of Japenese
mint Mentha arvensis oil as fumigant on stored sorghum: physical characteristics, sensory quality and germination. Plant Food. Hum. Nutr. 46
(3), pp. 225- 228.
[23] Athanssiou, C. G., Kavalliearos, N. G., Polyvos, N. E. and Sciarretta,
A. (2005), Spatiotemporal distribution of insects and ites in horizontally
stored wheat, J. Econ. Entomol. 98(3), pp. 1058-1069.
[24] Sancho, E., Ferrando, M.D., Fernandez, C. and Andreu, E. (1998), Liver
energy metabolism of Anguilla anguilla after exposure to fenitrothion.
Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 41, pp. 168-175.
[25] Dezwann, A. and Zandee, D. I. (1972), The utilization of glycogen and
accumulation of some intermediate during anaerobiosis in Mytilus edulis.
L, Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 43, pp. 47-54.
[26] Pant, R. and Gupta, D. K. (1979), The eect of exposure to low temperature on the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and protein in the
larvae of Philosamia ricini, J Biosci 1, pp. 441-446.
[27] Shakoori, A.R. and Saleem M.A. (1989), Some macromolecular abnormalities developed by the interaction of malathion and permethrin and
subsequent refeeding in Tribolium castaneum larvae, Arch. Ins. Biochem.
Physiol. 11(4), pp. 203-215.
[28] Sak, O., Uckan, F. and Ergin, E. (2006), Eects of cypermethrin on total
body weight, glycogen, protein and lipid contents of Pimpla turionellae
(L.) (Hymenptera: Ichneumonidae), Belgian J. Zool136(1), pp. 53-58.
[29] Vijayraghavan, C. and Chitra K. C. (2002), Total protein and free amino
acid content Spodoptera litura (Fabr.) due to botanicals and conventional
insecticides, Indian J. Entomol. 64, pp. 92-95.
[30] Nath, B. S., Suresh, A., Varma, B. M. and Kumar, R. P. S. (1997),
Changes in protein metabolism in hemolymph and fat body of the
silkworm, Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) in response to
organophosphorous insecticides toxicity, Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 36, pp. 169-173.
Bajpai, M., A. Pande, S.K. Tewari and D. Prakash. 2005. Phenolic contents and antioxidant activity
of some food and medicinal plants. Int. J. F. Sci. Nutrition, 96(4): 287-291.
Banville, G.J. 1989. Yield losses and damage to potato plants caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn.
Am. J., 66: 821-834.    
Dater, V.V. and C.D. Mayee. 1985. Chemical management of early blight of tomato. J. Maha Agri.
Univ., 10(3): 278-280.
Fabry, W., P. Okemo and R. Ansorg. 1996. Fungistatistic and fungicidal activity of East African
medicinal plants. Mycoses, 36: 67-70.
Farooq, A. 2002. Effects of medicinal plant extract on the growth rate, Sclerotial production and
biomass of Macrophomina phaseolina (M.Sc. Thesis), Univ. Azad Jammu and Kashmir
Muzaffarabad, pp. 43.
Farr, D., F. Bills, G.P. Chamris and A.Y. Rossman. 1989. Fungi on plants and plant products in the
United States. APS Press, St. Paul, Minnesota, pp. 1252.
Gerretsen, F.C. and N. Haagsma. 1951 Occurrence of antifungal substances in  Brassica repa,
Brassica olleracea and Beta vulgaris. Nature (London), 168-659.
Hassanein, N.M., M.A. Abou Zeid, K.A. Youssef and D.A. Mahmood. 2008.  Efficacy of leaf
extracts of Neem (Azadirachta indica) and Chinaberry (Melia azedarach) against early blight
and wilt diseases of tomato. Aust. J. Basic Appl. Sci., 2(3): 763-77.
Hoes, J.A. 1985. Macrophomina causal agents of charcoal rot of sunflower and other crops. Agric.
Canada Research station, Modern Manitoba.
Indera, K.S., T.C.C. Machado and J.B. Sinclair. 1986. Histopathology of soybean seed infection by
Macrophomina phaseolina. Phytopathol., 76: 532-535.
Khouray, F.Y. and S.M. Alcorn. 1973. Influence of  Rhizoctonia solani on the susceptibility of
cotton plants to Verticillium albo-atrum and on root carbohydrates. Phytopathol., 63: 352-358.
Kumar, B.P., M.A.S. Charya and S.M. Reddy. 1979.  Screening of plants extracts for antifungal
properties. New Botanist, 6: 41-43.
Loper, J.E., M.D. Henkels, R.G. Roberts, G.G. Grove, M.J. Willett and T.J. Smith. 1991.
Evaluation of streptomycin, oxytetracycline, and copper resistance of  Erwinia amylovora
isolated from pear orchards in Washington State. Plant Disease, 75: 287-290.
Mahrshi, R.P. 1986. A report on three pigeonpea diseases in Rajasthan. Int. Pigeonpea News Letter,
5: 32-34.
Mirza, J. and M.S.A. Qureshi. 1978. Fungi of Pakistan. Department of Plant Pathology, University
of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan, pp. 34. 
Mirza, M.S. 1984. Occurrence of sunflower diseases in Pakistan in 1980-83.  Proc. National
Sunflower Workshop, PARC., pp. 31-32. 
Mothana, R.A.A. and U. Lindequist. 2005. Antimicrobial activity of some medicinal plants of the
island Soqotra. J. Ethnopharmacol., 96: 177-181.
Naidu, V.D. and V.T. John. 1982. In vitro inhibition of rice fungal pathogens by extracts from
higher plants. Int. Rice Res. Newsletter, 6: 12. 
Naz, F., C.A. Rauf, I.U. Haque and I. Ahmad. 2006. Management of Rhizoctonia solani with plant
diffusates and chemicals. Pak. J. Phytopathol., 18(1): 36-43.
Rahber, M.H. 1986. Control of Phakopsora grewia with plant diffusates. Pak. J. Bot., 18: 329-333.
Reni, C. and V.E. Roeland. 2006. Tomato early blight (Alternaria solani): the pathogen, genetics,
and breeding for resistance. J. Phytopathol., 72(13): 335-347.
Rotem, J. 1998.  The genus Alternaria: Biology, Epidemiology and Pathogenicity.  Am.
Phytopathol., Society Press, St. Paul, Minnesota.
Sharma, B. and P. Kamar. 2009. In vitro antifungal potency of some plant extracts against
Fusarium oxysporum. Int. J. G. Pharmacy, 3(1): 63-65.
Sharma, V.N. and C.L. Jandaik. 1994. Effect of  some plant materials in controlling different
moulds in Agaricus bisporus (Lang) Imb. J. Ind.  Mycol. and Pl. Pathol., 24(30): 183-185.
Shehzad, S., A. Sattar and A. Ghaffar. 1988. Addition to the hosts of Macrophomina phaseolina.
Pak. J. Bot., 20: 151-152.      
Sinclair, J.B. and P.A. Backman. 1989.  Compendium of Soybean Diseases. 3
rd
 Ed. Am.
Phytopathol, Society. St. Paul. MN, USA.
Sivakadadcham, B. 1988. Green manure for the control of soil-borne pathogens.  Tropical
Agriculturist, 114: 163-164.
Viyas, S.C. 1984. Systematic fungicides. Tata Mc Grahh hill co. limited. New Delhi, pp. 36.
Wojdylo, A.J., Oszmianski and R. Czemerys. 2007. Antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds
in 32 selected herbs. F. Chem., 105: 940-949.
Erdtmam  G (1952).  Pollen Morphology and   Plant  Taxonomy.
Angiosperms. Waltham: Chronica Botanica Co. 
Faegri K, Iversen  J (1964). Textbook of Pollen  Analysis. Copenhagen:
Munksgaard, 
Fatima T, Kusumakumari P (1970). Embrylogical studies in Cap-
paridaceae 1 Proc Ind Acad Sci B 72: 207-215.
Jafri SM (1974). Capparidaceae. In: Nasir, E. & Ali, S. I. (eds.) Flora of
Pakistan 71: 1-42.
Kremp GOW (1965). Encyclopaedia of Pollen Morphology,Tuscon: Univ.
Arizona Press. Mabberley DI (1987). The Plant Book. Cambridge and New York: Camb.
Univ. Press, .
Mitra K (1970). Pollen morphology of some Indian Capparaceae.  J Ind
Soc 9: 136-141.   
Mitra K (1978). Contribution  to the pollen morphology of the family
Capparaceae. Bull Bot  Surv India 17: 7-31.
Moore PD, Webb JA (1978)  An Illustrated Guide to Pollen Analysis.
London: Hodder and Stoughton.
Narayana HS (1962). Studies in the Capparidaceae-I. The embryology of
Capparis  decidua (Frossk.) Pax.-Phytomorphology 12: 167-177
Narayana HS (1965). Studies in the  Capparidaceae -. II. Floral
morphology and embryology of Cadaba indica Lamk. and Cratae-
va nurvula Buch. Ham., Phytomorphology 15: 158-175.
Qaiser M,  Perveen A (1997). A Palynological Survey of Flora of Pakistan.
[Paper]. In: Ozturk, M., Secmen O, Gork G (eds.) Proceedings of
Int. Symp. on Plant Life of S. West Asia and Central Asia, pp. 795-
835.    
Walker,  JW.  and Doyle, JA (1976).  The  basis  of  Angiosperm
phylogeny: Palynology. Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 62: 6666-723.
Willis, JC (1973). A Dictionary of the flowering Plants & Ferns. 7
th
ed.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Baričevič, D. 1997. Experiences with oregano (Origanum spp.) in Slovenia. Pp. 111-121  in  Oregano.
Promoting the conservation and use of underutilized and neglected crops. 14. Proceedings of the
IPGRI International Workshop on Oregano,  8-12 May 1996, CIHEAM, Valenzano (Bari), Italy
(S. Padulosi, ed.). Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben/International
Plant Genetic Resources Institute, Rome.
Beye, M. and U. Raeder. 1993. Rapid DNA preparation from bees and GC% fractionation.
BioTechniques 14:372-374.
Ford-Lloyd, B.V. 2001. Genotyping in plant genetic resources. Pp. 59-81 in Plant genotyping, the DNA
fingerprinting of plants (R.J. Henry, ed.). CABI Publishing, CAB International, Wallingford,
UK/New York, USA. 
Gounaris, Y., M. Skoula, C. Fournaraki, G. Drakakaki and A. Makris. 2002. Comparison of essential
oils and genetic relationship of Origanum x intercedens to its parental taxa in the island of Crete.
Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 30:249-258.
Ietswaart, J.H. 1980. A taxonomic revision of the genus  Origanum (Labiatae). PhD Thesis. Leiden
Botanical Series 4. Leiden University Press, The Hague, The Netherlands. 153pp.
Kaufmann, M. and M. Wink. 1994. Molecular systematics of the  Nepetoideae  (Family Labiatae):
Phylogenetic implications from rbcl gene sequences. Verlag der Zeitschrift für Naturforschung
49c:635-645.
Khanuja, S.P.S., A.K. Shasany, M.P. Darokar and S. Kumar. 1999. Rapid isolation of DNA from dry
and fresh samples of plants producing large amounts of secondary metabolites and essential oils.
Plant Molecular Biology Reporter 17:1-7. 
Kintzios, S.E. 2002. Profile of the multifaceted prince of the herbs. Pp. 4-8  in Oregano: the genera
Origanum and Lippia. Medicinal and aromatic plants Series – Industrial profiles (S.E. Kintzios, ed.).
Taylor & Francis, London/New York.
Mizukami, H. and Y. Okabe. 1999. A simple and rapid protocol for preparation of crude drug DNA
suitable for PCR. Biol. Ohar. Bull. 22(7):765-766.
Rohlf, F.J. 1993. NTSYS-pc, Numerical taxonomy and multivariate analysis system, version 1.80.
Exeter Publ., New York.
Šuštar-Vozlič, J. and B. Javornik. 1999. Genetic relationships in cultivars of hop, Humulus lupulus L.,
determined by RAPD analysis. Plant Breeding 118:175-181.
Airy Shaw, H. K. (1952).  On the distribution of Pisonia grandis R.Br. (Nyctaginaceae), with special refer-
ence to Malaysia. Kew Bull. 1952: 87-97.
Alexander, I. J.  (1989). Systematics and ecology of  ectomycorrhizal legumes.  In:  Advances in  legume
biology. (eds. C. H.  Stirton and J. L. Zarucchi).  Monogr. Syst. Bot. Mo. Bot. Gard.  Allen Press.
Lawrence, Kans., USA.
Ashford, A. E. and Allaway, W. G. (1982). A sheathing mycorrhiza on Pisonia grandis R. Br. (Nyctaginaceae)
with development of transfer cells rather than a Hartwig net.  New Phytol. 90: 51 1-519.
Ashford, A. E. and Allaway, W. G. (1985). Transfer cells and Hartwig net in  the root epidermis of  the
sheathing mycorrhiza of Pisonia grandis R. Br. from Seychelles. New Phytol. 100: 595-612.
Ashford. A. E., Peterson, C. A., Carpenter, J. L., Cairney, J. W. G. and Allaway, W. G. (1988). Structure and
permeability of the fungal sheath in the Pisonia mycorrhiza. Protoplasma 147: 149-161.
Banfield, E. J. (1908). The Confessions of a Beachcomber.  Unwin, London.
Bell. H. L. (1969). Recent Papuan breeding records. Emu 69: 235.
Bentham, G. (1870).  Flora Australiensis. Vol. 5. Reeve and Co., London.
Bureau of Flora and Fauna (1984).  Flora of Australia, Vol. 4.  Aust. Govt. Pub. Service, Canberra.
Campbell, A. J. (1918). Cyclones and bird destruction. Emu 18: 72-73.
Carlquist, S. (1974).  Island biology. Columbia University Press, New  York.
Chaloupka. M. Y. and Domm, S. B. (1985). Comprehensive regional survey of the terrestrial flora on coral
cays in the Capricornia Section of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. Proc. Roy. Soc. Qd. 96: 75-80.
Comell, J. H. and Lowman, M. D. (1989). Low-diversity tropical rain forests: some possible mechanisms
for their existence.  Am. Nat. 134: 88-1 19.
Cooper, R. P. (1948). Birds of  the Capricorns - Great Barrier Reef.  Emu 48: 107-126.
Cribb, A. B. (1965). The marine and terrestrial vegetation of Wilson Island, Great Barrier Reef.  Proc. Roy.
SOC. Qd. 77: 53-62.
Cribb. A. B, (1969a).  The vegetation of North West Island.  Qd. Nat. 19: 85-93.
Cribb, A. B. (1969b). The pisonia.  Qd. Nat. 19: 110-114.
Cribb, A.  B. (1972).  Vegetation of Hoskyn Island and reef. Qd. Nat. 20: 92-100.
Cribb, A. B. (1979). Terrestrial vegetation of Tryon Island. Qd. Nat.  22:  127-132.
Cribb, A. B. (1986). The terrestrial vegetation of Fairfax Islands, Great Barrier Reef.  Qd. Nat. 26: 119-126.
Crome, F. H. J. (1975). Breeding, feeding and status of the Torres Strait Pigeon at Low Isles, northeastern
Queensland. Emu 75: 189-198.
Crome, F. H. J. (1975).  The ecology of fruitpigeons in tropical northern Queensland. Aust. Wildl. ~ e z 
155-185.
Dale, P., Hulsman, K.,  Jahnke, B.R.  and Dale, M.  (1984). Vegetation and nesting preferences  of  black
noddies at Masthead Island. 1. Patterns at the macro-scale.  Aust. J. Ecol. 9: 335-341.
Domm, S. (1977).  Seabirds and waders of the Lizard Island area.  Sunbird 8: 1-8.
Ellis, A. F.  (1936).  Adventuring in coral seas. Angus and Robertson, Sydney.
Elsol, J. A. (1986). Vegetation of an eastern Australian coral cay -Lady Musgrave Island, Great Barrier Reef.
Proc. Roy. Scc. Qd. 96: 33-47.
Hinders, M. (1814). A Voyage to Terra Australis. Vol. 2. G. and W. Nicol, London.
Fosberg, F. R. (1957). Description and occurrence of atoll phosphate rock in Micronesia.  Am. J. Sci. 255:
584-592.
Fosberg, F. R.  (1974). Coral island vegetation.  In: Prcc. 2nd Int. Coral Reef Symp. Vol 1.  Great Barrier
Reef Committee, Brisbane.  pp 255-277.
Fosberg, F. R. (1983). The human factor in the biogeography of oceanic islands. C. R. Soc. Biogeographic
59(2): 147-190.
Fosberg, F. R.  (1988).  New and  noteworthy  plants from  the Great Barrier Reef  sand cays, Australia.
Brittonia 40: 52-65.
Frith, H. J., Crome, F. H. J. and Wolfe, T. 0. (1976). Food of fruit-pigeons in New Guinea. Emu 76: 49-58.
Gadgil, R. L. and Gadgil, P.D. (1971). Mycorrhiza and litter decomposition. Nature 233:  133.
Gillham, M. E. (1961). Coral cay vegetation, Heron Island, Great Barrier Reef.  Proc. Roy. Soc. Qd. 73: 79-
92.
Griffin, A. C. M. (1972). Bridled, Sooty and Common Terns at Townsville.  Sunbird 3: 39.
Harmer, R. and  Alexander, I. J. (1985).  Effects  of  root exclusion  on  nitrogen transformations  and
decomposition processes in spruce humus.  In: Ecological interactions in  the soil.  (Atkinson, D.,
Read, DJ. and Usher, M.B. eds.) Spec. Publ. Br. Ecol. Soc. 4. Blackwell, Oxford. pp 267-277.
Heatwole, H. (1984). Terrestrial vegetation of thecoral cays, Capricornia Section, Great Barrier Reef Marine
Park.  In: The Capricornia Section of the Great Barrier Reef: Past, present and future. (Ward, W. T.
and Saenger, P. eds.)  Roy. Soc. Qd. and Aust. Coral Reef Soc., Brisbane. pp 87-139.
Heatwole, H., Done, T. and Cameron, E. (1981).  Community ecology of a coral cay, a study of One Tree
Island, Great Barrier Reef.  Dr. W. Junk, The Hague.
Heatwole, H. and Walker. T. A. (1989). Invasion of coral cays by alien plants. Ecology 70: 787-790.
Hill, L. (1984). Report on Coral Sea nature conservation program  1979-1983. Unpublished report, Aust.
National Parks and Wildlife Service. Canberra.
Hindwood. K. A., Keith, K. and Serventy, D. L. (1963). Birds of the south-west Coral Sea. CSIRO, Division
of Wildlife Research Tech. Pap.  No. 3.
Hulsrnan, K. (1984). Survey of seabird colonies in the Capricornia Section of the Great Barrier Reef Marine
Park, 111. Population parameters and management strategies. Unpublished report to the Great Barrier
Reef Marine Park Authority, Townsville, Queensland.
Hulsman, K.,  Dale, P. and Jahnke, B.R.  (1984). Vegetation and nesting preferences of  black  noddies at
Masthead Island, Great Barrier Reef, 11. Patterns at the micro-scale.  Aust J. Ecol. 9: 343-352.
Hulsman,  K.  and  Walker,  T.  A.  (1991a).  Seabird  Islands: North  West  Island,  Great Barrier Reef,
Queensland.  Corella (in press).
Hulsman, K.  and Walker, T.  A.  (1991b).  Seabird Islands:  Lady Musgrave Island, Great Barrier Reef,
Queensland.  Corella (in press).
Hulsman, K., Walker, T. A. and Dornrn, S. B. (1991a).  Seabird Islands:  Tryon Island, Great Barrier Reef,
Queensland. Corella (in press).
Hulsman, K., Walker, T. A. and Limpus, C. J. (1991b).  Seabird Islands: Wreck Island, Great Barrier Reef,
Queensland. Corella (in press).
Huxley, J. (1935). T. H. Huxley's diary of the voyage of H.M.S. Rattlesnake. Doubleday, Doran and Co.,
New York.
Kikkawa, J. (1970). Birds recorded at Heron Island.  Sunbird 1: 34-47.
Kikkawa, J. and Boles, W. (1976). Seabird Island No. 15: Heron Island, Queensland. Aust. Bird Bander 14:
3-6.
King, B. R. (1983). Birds of the northern Great Barrier Reef islands.  In: Proceedings of the Great Barrier
Reef conference, August 29 to September 2, 1983. James Cook Univ. and Aust. Institute of Marine
Science, Townsville, Ausnalia. pp 391-396.
King, B. R. (1991). Seabird Islands: Chapman Island, Great Barrier Reef. Corella (in press).
King,  B.  R.  and  Buckley, R.  C.  (1985). Seabird Island  No.  151:  Quoin Island,  Great Barrier Reef,
Queensland. Corella 9: 75-77.
King, B. R. and Limpus, C. J. (1985). Seabird Island No. 150: Bird Islands, Great Barrier Reef, Queensland.
Corella 9: 73-74.
King, B.  R.  and  Limpus, C. J.  (1989).  Seabird Island No.  192:  Saunders Island, Great Barrier Reef,
Queensland.  Corella 13: 45-46.
King, B. R. and Limpus, C. J. (1991).  Seabird Island Series: Piper Islands, Great Barrier Reef, Queensland.
Corella (in press).
King, B. R., Limpus, C. J., Hicks, J. and Oldroyd, A. (1989). Seabird Island No.  191: Wallace Island, Great
Barrier Reef, Queensland.  Corella 13: 43-44.
Koske, R. E. and Gernma, J. N. (1990).  VA mycorrhizae in strand vegetation of Hawaii: evidence for long-
distance codispersal of plants and fungi.  Am. J. Bot 77: 466474.
MacGillivray, J, (1852). Narrative of the voyage of HMS Rattlesnuke, 1846-1850. Boone, London. 2 vols.
Malloch, D. W., Pirozynski, K. A.  and Raven, P. H.  (1980). Ecological and evolutionary significance of
mycorrhizal symbioses in vascular plants (a review). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 77: 21 13-21 18.
Manner, H. I., Thaman, R. R. and Hassall, D. C.  (1985). Plant succession after phosphate mining on Nauru.
Aust. Geog. 16: 185-195.
Musgrave, A. (1925). The biology of North-west Islet. A. Narrative.  Aust. Zool. 4:  199-209.
Peterson, R. L., Ashford, A. E. and Allaway, W. G. (1985). Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal associations of
vascular plants on Heron Island, a Great Barrier Reef coral cay.  Aust. J. Bot. 33: 669-676.
Pirozynski, K. A. (1983). Pacific mycogeography: an appraisal.  Aust. J. Bot. Suppl. Ser. 10: 137-159.
Porter, J. G. (1983). Discovering the Family Islands.  Kullari Pub., Tully, Queensland.
Ridley, H. N.  (1930). The dispersal of plants throughout the world.  L. Reeve, Ashford, England.
Roughley, T. C. (1936).  Wonders of  the Great Barrier Reef.  Angus and Robertson, Australia.
Rumphius, G. E. (1750).  Herbarium Amboinense Vol.  1.
Schmidt, S. K. and Scow, K. M. (1986).  Mycorrhizal fungi on the Galapagos Islands. Biouopica 18: 236-
240.
Singer, R. and Araujo, I. J. S. (1979). Litter decomposition and ectomycorrhiza in Amazonian forests. Acta
Amazonica 9: 25-41.
St. John, H. (1951). Thedistribution of Pisonia grandis (Nyctaginaceae). Pacific Plant StudiesNo. 10. Webbia
8: 225-228.
Smith, J. M. B. and Heatwole, H. (1985). Notes on the changing flora of Heron Island and some other coral
cays of  the Capricornia Group, Great Barrier Reef.  Qd. Nat. 25:  126-133.
Spicer, R.  A.  and Newbery, D. M.  (1979).  The terrestrial vegetation of an  Indian Ocean coral island:
Wilingili, Addu Atoll, Maldive Islands.  Atoll Res. Bull. 231: 1-14.
Stemmerik, J. F. (1964). Nyctaginaceae. Flora Malesiana Ser. 1, q3): 450-468.
Stokes, J. L. (1846). Discoveries in Australia; with an account of the coasts and rivers explored and surveyed
during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, In the years 1837-38-39-40-41-42-43. Vol.1.  Boone, London.
Trappe, J. M. and Schenck, N. C. (1982). Taxomony of  the fungi forming endomycorrhizae. A. Vesicular-
arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.  In:  Methods and  principles  of  mycorrhizal research.  (ed.  N.  C.
Schenck) pp. 1-9. Am. Phytopath. Soc. St. Paul, Minnesota.
Walker, T. A. (1986). The birds of Lady Elliot Island.  Sunbird 16: 73-82.
Walker, T. A. (1987). Birds of Bushy Island (with a summary of the nesting status of bird species on southern
Great Barrier Reef cays).  Sunbird 17: 52-58.
Walker, T. A. (1988a). Population of  the Silver Gull Larus novaehollandiae on the Capricorn and Bunker
Islands, Great Barrier Reef. Corella 12: 113-1 17.
Walker, T. A. (1988b). The flora and fauna of Bramble Cay, January 1987. Qd. Nat. 28: 32-36.
Walker, T. A. (1989a).
110-111.
Walker, T. A. (1989b).
13: 112-114.
Walker, T. A. (1989~).
13:  115-117.
Walker, T. A. (1989d).
13:  118-121.
Seabird Island No.  198:
Seabird Island No.  199:
Seabird Island No. 200:
Seabird Island No. 201 :
Redbill Island, Great Barrier Reef, Queensland. Corella 13:
Holbourne Island, Great Barrier Reef, Queensland. Corella
North Reef Island, Great Barrier Reef, Queensland. Corella
Lady Elliot Island, Great Barrier Reef, Queensland. Corella
Walker, T. A. and Domm, S. B. (1986). Birds of North Reef Island. Qd. Nat. 26: 99-102.
Walker, T.  A.  and  Hegerl, E. J.  (1986).  Seabird Island  No.  164. Eshelby  Island, Great Barrier Reef,
Queensland. Corella 10: 87-88.
Walker, T.  A.  and  Hulsman, K.  (1989).  Seabird Island  No.  196.  Erskine Island, Great Barrier Reef,
Queensland. Corella 13: 53-56.
Walker, T. A.  and Hulsman, K. (1991a). Seabird Islands:  Wilson Island, Great Barrier Reef. Queensland.
Corella (in press).
Walker, T. A. and Hulsman, K. (1991b). Seabird Islands: Hoskyn Islands, Great Barrier Reef, Queensland.
Corella (in press).
Walker, T. A., Hulsman, K. and Domm, S. B. (1991). Seabird Islands:  Fairfax Islands, Great Barrier Reef,
Queensland. Corella (in press).
Walker, T. A. and Ogilvie, P. (1988).  The vegetation of North Reef Island, Great Barrier Reef. Qd. Nat. 28:
37-41.
Wallace and Love11 (1977). Topography and coral distribution of Bushy and Redbill Islands and surrounding
reef, Great Barrier Reef, Queensland. Atoll Res. Bull.  194.
Acevedo-Rodriguez, P. 2005. Vines and climbing
plants of Puerto Rico  and the Virgin Islands
Contributions from the United States National
Herbarium 51: 1-483.   
Areendran, G. and P. Rao. 2006. Vegetation types of
the southern Eastern Ghats A Remote Sensing
perspective. New Delhi. World Wide Fund for
Nature-India. 1-92. 
Burnham, R. J. 2002. Dominance, diversity and
distribution of lianas in Yasuni. Ecuador: Who is on
top? Journal of Tropical Ecology 18: 845-864.
Gamble, J. S. and C. E. C. Fischer. 1915-1935. Flora of
the Presidency of Madras. London. Adlard & Son,
Limited. vols. I to III.
Gentry, A. H. 1991. The distribution and evaluation of
climbing plants; p. 3-49  In F.E. Putz and H. A.
Mooney (ed.), The Biology of vines. Cambridge,
Cambridge University Press. 
Gentry, A. H. and C. Dodson. 1987. Contribution of
non-trees to species richness of a tropical rain forest.
Biotropica 19: 149-155. 
Grandos, J. and C. Korner. 2002. In deep shade,
elevated CO2 increases the vigour of tropical
climbing plants. Global Change Biology 8: 1109-
1117.
Hooker, J. D. 1872-1897. The Flora of British India.
London. L. Reeve & Co. part 1-7.
Ibarra-Manriquez, G. and M. Martinez-Ramos. 2002.
Landscape variation of  liana communities in a
Neotropical rain forest. Plant Ecology 160: 91-112.
Jongkind, C. C. H. and W. D. Hawthorne. 2005. A
botanical synopsis of the lianes and other forest
climbers; p. 19-39  In Bongers, F., M. P. E. Parren
and D. Traore (ed.), Forest climbing plants of West
Africa diversity, ecology and management.
Cambridge. CABI Publishing. 
Laurance, W. F., D. Perez-Salicrup and P. Delamonica
et al. 2001. Rain forest fragmentation and the
structure of Amazonian liana communities. Ecology
82: 105-116.
Londre, R. A. and S. A. Schnitzer. 2006. The
distribution of lianas and their change in abundance
in temperate forests over the past 45 years. Ecology
87: 2973-2978.
Matthew, K. M. 1991. An excursion flora of central
Tamil Nadu. India. New Delhi. Oxford & IBH
Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd. 
Malhi, Y. and J. Wright. 2004. Spatial patterns and
recent trends in the climate of tropical rainforest
regions. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal
Society: Biological Sciences 359: 311-329.
Mascaro, J. S., S. A. Schnitzer, and W. P. Carson.
2004. Liana diversity, abundance and mortality in a
tropical wet forest in Cost Rica. Forest Ecology and
Management 190: 3-14. 
Muthuramkumar, S. and N. Parthasarathy. 2000. Alpha
diversity of lianas in a tropical evergreen forest in the
Anamalais, Western Ghats, India. Diversity and
Distributions 6: 1-14.
Padaki, A. and N. Parthasarathy. 2000. Abundance and
distribution of lianas in tropical lowland evergreen
forest of Agumbe, central Western Ghats, India.
Tropical Ecology 41: 143-154.
Parthasarathy, N., S. Muthuramkumar, and M. S.
Reddy. 2004. Patterns of liana diversity in tropical
evergreen forests of peninsular India. Forest Ecology
and Management 190: 15-31.
Restom, T. G. and D. C. Nepstad. 2001. Contribution
of vines to the evapotranspiration of a secondary
forest in eastern Amazon. Plant and Soil 236: 155-
163.
Rice, K., N. Brokaw, and J. Thompson. 2004. Liana
abundance in a Puerto Rican forest. Forest Ecology
and Management 190: 33-41.
Schnitzer, S. A. 2005. A mechanistic explanation for
global patterns of liana abundance and distribution.
American Naturalist 166: 262-276. 
Schnitzer, S. A. and F. Bongers. 2002. The ecology of
lianas and their role in forests. Trends in Ecology and
Evolution 17: 223-230.
Schnitzer, S. A. and W. P. Carson. 2001. Tree fall gaps
and the maintenance of species diversity in a tropical
forest. Ecology 82: 913-919.
Schnitzer, S. A., J. W. Dalling, and W. Carson. 2000.
The importance of lianas on tree regeneration in
tropical forest canopy  gaps: evidence for an
alternative pathway of gap-phase regeneration.
Journal of Ecology 88: 655-666.
Swaine, M. D. and J. Grace. 2007. Liana may be
favoured by low rainfall: evidence from Ghana. Plant
Ecology 192: 271-276.
Toledo-Acewes, T. and M. D. Swaine. 2007. Effects of
the species of climbers on the performance of Ceiba
pentandra seedling in gaps in a tropical forest in
Ghana. Journal of Tropical Ecology 23: 45-52.
Zotz, G., N. Cueni and C. Korner. 2006. In situ growth
stimulation of a temperate zone liana (Hedera helix)
in elevated CO2.
 Functional Ecology 20: 763-769.
(Contd.)

Comments

Popular posts from this blog

World Literature on Medicinal Plants from Pankaj Oudhia’s Medicinal Plant Database -228

World Literature on Medicinal Plants from Pankaj Oudhia’s Medicinal Plant Database -281

World Literature on Medicinal Plants from Pankaj Oudhia’s Medicinal Plant Database -451